This set of Biology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Chemical Control and Coordination – Hormones of Heart, Kidney and Gastrointestinal”.
1. Which of these structures of heart secrete hormones?
a) Bundle of His
b) Ventricle
c) SA node
d) Atrium
View Answer
Explanation: The atria are the two upper chambers of the heart. The walls of the atria secrete a hormone known as atrial natriuretic factor or ANF. Its function is to reduce blood pressure to maintain homeostasis.
2. Which hormone is secreted by the heart?
a) MSH
b) CCK
c) ANF
d) PRL
View Answer
Explanation: ANF or atrial natriuretic factor is secreted by the heart. It is secreted by the walls of the atria. PRL is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, MSH by the pars intermedia and CCK by the GI tract.
3. What is the effect of secretion of ANS?
a) Increases urination frequency
b) Constricts blood vessels
c) Dilates blood vessels
d) Decreases urination frequency
View Answer
Explanation: ANS or atrial natriuretic factor is secreted by the walls of the atria of the heart. Its effect is to dilate the blood vessels. As a result, blood is provided more space to flow, and hence the blood pressure decreases.
4. Which of these hormones reduce blood pressure?
a) Atrial natriuretic factor
b) Adrenaline
c) Noradrenaline
d) Somatotropin
View Answer
Explanation: Atrial natriuretic factor or ANF is secreted by the walls of the atria of the heart. Its effect is to dilate blood vessels and hence decrease blood pressure. Adrenaline and noradrenaline increase blood pressure.
5. Which hormone is produced in the kidney?
a) Angiotensinogen
b) Erythropoietin
c) Thrombopoietin
d) Somatostatin
View Answer
Explanation: The kidney produces erythropoietin. It is produced by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Angiotensinogen and thrombopoietin are produced by the liver. Somatostatin is secreted by the pancreas.
6. Which part of kidney produces erythropoietin?
a) PCT
b) DCT
c) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
d) Loop of Henle
View Answer
Explanation: Juxtaglomerular cells of the nephrons of kidney are responsible for the production of the hormone erythropoietin. It is a peptide hormone that induces erythropoiesis or formation of erythrocytes.
7. Which of these hormones is not produced by the GI tract?
a) MSH
b) CCK
c) GIP
d) Secretin
View Answer
Explanation: The GI tract or gastrointestinal tract contains endocrine tissue at different parts that secrete peptide hormones such as CCK or cholecystokinin, GIP or gastric inhibitory peptide, secretin and gastrin.
8. Pepsinogen secretion is stimulated by ______
a) GIP
b) CCK
c) secretin
d) gastrin
View Answer
Explanation: Gastrin is a peptide hormone secreted by endocrine tissue located at various parts of the GI tract or gastrointestinal tract. It acts on gastric glands to stimulate the secretion of pepsinogen.
9. Hydrochloric acid secretion is stimulated by ______
a) GIP
b) CCK
c) gastrin
d) secretin
View Answer
Explanation: Gastrin is a peptide hormone secreted by endocrine tissue located at various parts of the GI tract or gastrointestinal tract. It acts on the gastric glands to stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion.
10. CCK is a peptide hormone. True or false?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: CCK or cholecystokinin is produced by the endocrine tissue present in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a peptide hormone. It has a stimulating effect on pancreas and gall bladder.
11. Which of these hormones stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate ions?
a) MSH
b) CCK
c) Gastrin
d) Secretin
View Answer
Explanation: Secretin is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It stimulates the exocrine cells of the pancreas. As a result, water and bicarbonate ions are secreted.
12. Which of these hormones stimulates the secretion of bile?
a) MSH
b) GIP
c) CCK
d) PRL
View Answer
Explanation: CCK or cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract or GI tract. It stimulates the gall bladder to secrete bile juice for the digestion of fats.
13. Secretin acts on _____
a) delta cells of pancreas
b) beta cells of pancreas
c) exocrine cells of pancreas
d) alpha cells of pancreas
View Answer
Explanation: Secretin acts on the exocrine cells of pancreas. It stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions. Hence, secretin, a peptide hormone, helps to maintain the homeostasis of the body.
14. Which hormone reduces the secretion of the gastric hormones?
a) GIP
b) CCK
c) PRL
d) FSH
View Answer
Explanation: GIP or gastric inhibitory peptide is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract or the GI tract. It inhibits or reduces gastric secretion. It helps maintain homeostasis.
15. Which of these functions is reduced by GIP?
a) Spermatogenesis
b) GI motility
c) Oogenesis
d) Melanin production
View Answer
Explanation: Motility of the GI tract or the gastrointestinal tract is reduced by GIP or gastric inhibitory peptide. It is a peptide hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract.
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