This set of Bioseparation Technology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Cell Disruption”.
1. Which biological products need cell disruption after cell culture or fermentation?
a) Intracellular
b) Extracellular
c) Intracellular and extracellular
d) Large celled products
View Answer
Explanation: Intracellular products occur wither in the cytoplasm or as inclusion bodies deposited within the cell therefore, for bioseparation the products need to be separated from the cell.
2. What are the examples of intracellular products?
a) Insulin
b) Recombinant insulin and recombinant growth factors
c) Ethanol
d) Enzyme
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Explanation: The recombinant insulin and growth factors are the type of intracellular products. The large number of recombinant insulin forms inclusion bodies so that the materials can be accumulated in large quantities within the cells. The cells need to be disrupted to release the required product in the liquid medium in order to continue the separation processes.
3. Cell disruption is performed in order to reduce ____________
a) purification steps
b) amount of product
c) amount of impurity
d) costing
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Explanation: The cell disruption is performed to reduce the amount of impurities from the product, the impurities include extracellular substances apart from the product which are produced along with the desired product and the unutilized media present in the fermentation broth.
4. Why are some cells suspensions thickened and concentrated using certain bioseparation techniques?
a) To reduce impurities
b) To reduce the process of separation
c) To reduce the costing of bioseparation
d) To reduce process volume
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Explanation: Cell suspensions are thickened and concentrated using bioseparation techniques to reduce the process volume. The excess volume of fermentation broth may lead to loss of desired product and increase the cost of the bioseparation processes.
5. Which bioprocess techniques are used for the process of thickening and concentration of the cell suspension?
a) Microfiltration or centrifugation
b) Microfiltration
c) Centrifugation
d) Filtration
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Explanation: Microfiltration or centrifugation techniques are used for the thickening and concentration of the cell suspension so that the product loss can be avoided along with the reduction in long and repetitive steps of bioseparation.
6. Which cell component acts as a barrier for cell disruption in the cell suspension?
a) Nucleus
b) Cell wall
c) Cytoplasm
d) Mitochondria
View Answer
Explanation: The cell wall is the major barrier in a prokaryotic cell which acts as a barrier in cell disruption from the cell suspension. The cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan, teichoic acid and the polysaccharides which prevent the intracellular products to be separated in during bioseparation, so these cell wall needs to be ruptured in order to have the desired product in the suspension of the fermentation broth.
7. The cell wall of gram positive bacteria cannot be ruptured using enzyme lysozyme.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The cell wall of gram positive bacteria can be ruptured by using enzyme lysozyme, as these bacteria is susceptible to lysis by these antibacterial enzymes. Lysozyme is a glycoside hydrolase enzyme which catalyzes hydrolysis of beta linkages between the N-acetylmuramic acid and the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the petidoglycan layer of cell wall.
8. Yeasts cells are unicellular and have thick cell walls.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Yeast cells are thick walled unicellular organism which is composed of polysaccharides and the cell membrane of yeast cells are made up of phospholipids and lipoproteins. The cell wall needs to be ruptured even for yeast cells in the fermentation broth to have the desired product for purification.
9. Which cell disruption method targets specific component of the cell wall?
a) Physical method
b) Enzymatic method
c) Chemical method
d) Biological method
View Answer
Explanation: The chemical method of cell disruption targets the specific component of the cell wall for disruption to get the desired product in the fermentation broth. For example, use of lysozyme for the disruption of peptidoglycan layer of cell wall of gram positive bacteria.
10. Which type of bacterial cell wall cannot be disrupted by the use of lysozyme?
a) Gram positive bacteria
b) Gram positive, gram negative
c) Yeast cell
d) Gram negative bacteria
View Answer
Explanation: The gram negative bacterial cell wall cannot be disrupted by the use of enzyme lysozyme because the peptidoglycan layer of gram negative bacteria is not susceptible to be lysed by lysozyme as it is covered by lipopolysaccharide and protein layers.
11. What is the composition of plasma membrane?
a) Lipid bi-layer with phospholipids molecules
b) lipopolysaccharide and protein
c) peptidoglycan
d) phospholipids
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Explanation: The plasma membrane is composed of phospholipids which are arranged in bi-layers with hydrophilic group of phospholipid molecules towards outside of the bi-layer. The hydrophobic part remains inside the membrane and it is shielded from both inside and outside the cell.
12. Plasma membrane can be easily destabilized by ___________
a) Detergents
b) Detergents, alkali, acid, organic solvent
c) Alkali
d) Organic solvents
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Explanation: Plasma membrane can be easily disrupted by the use of detergents, acid, alkali, organic solvents since it is fragile and gets denatured by stimulation of signalling pathways due to shock on the membrane surface.
13. Which physical method of disruption leads to cell membrane disruption?
a) Bead mill
b) Rotor mill
c) Osmotic shock
d) French press
View Answer
Explanation: The plasma membrane is fragile and can be easily disrupted y the osmotic shock which leads to sudden change in the osmotic pressure across the membrane during transfer of cell from isotonic medium to simple water.
14. What are the methods of cell disruption used by the industries?
a) Biological and chemical
b) Physical and mechanical
c) Enzymatic and chemical
d) Physical and chemical
View Answer
Explanation: The broad category of cell disruption techniques are physical and chemical methods. The enzymatic and biological methods come under the chemical method of disruption. The mechanical method comes under the physical method of disruption.
15. What are the types of physical methods of cell disruption?
a) Bead mill, rotor mill, French press, ultrasonic vibrations
b) Bead mill, rotor mill
c) French press, ultrasonic vibrations
d) Ultrasonic vibration
View Answer
Explanation: The disruption of intracellular cells using physical methods include disruption in bead mill, disruption using rotor-mill, using French press, disruption through the ultrasonic vibrations. The use of physical methods is targeted for disruption of cell walls since they are tough and rigid than cell membrane.
More MCQs on Cell Disruption:
- Cell Disruption MCQ (Set 2)
- Cell Disruption MCQ (Set 3)
- Cell Disruption MCQ (Set 4)
- Cell Disruption MCQ (Set 5)
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Bioseparation Technology.
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