Digital Stethoscope - Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers

This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Digital Stethoscope”.

1. Blood in ___________ must be made similar to arterial Blood in composition.
a) heart
b) brain
c) ear
d) eyes
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Blood in the ear must be made similar to arterial blood in composition. This is done by increasing the flow through the ear without appreciably increasing the metabolism. Maximum vasodilatation is achieved by keeping the ear warm.

2. By keeping the ear warm, maximum vasodilatation is achieved.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Yes, maximum vasodilatation is achieved by keeping the ear warm. It takes about 5 or 10 min for the ear to become fully dilated after the ear unit has been put up in place and the lamp turned on.

3. Merrick and Hayes (1976) describe details of a __________ oximeter which enables the measurement of oxygen saturation of the blood.
a) Pulse
b) Ear
c) Skin Reflectance
d) Intravascular
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Merrick and Hayes (1976) describe details of an ear oximeter which enables the measurement of oxygen saturation of blood. This measurement is independent of a wide range of encountered variables and is made without involving patients in any calibration or standardization procedure.

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4. Ear probe which connects the patient to instrument is __________ m long.
a) 1.5
b) 2.0
c) 2.5
d) 3.0
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A 2.5 m long flexible fibre ear probe connects the patient to the instrument. The ear probe can be either held in position for discrete measurements or can be conveniently mounted to a headband for continuous display.

5. Ear oximeter instrument is based on Beer- Lambert law.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The instrument is based on the Beer-Lambert law. However, it is assumed that the optical absorbers act independently and additively and that the effects of light scattering by the ear tissue can be minimized by a proper source and detector geometry.

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6. The percentage of functional haemoglobin combined with oxygen is expressed as ______
a) (concentration of oxyhaemoglobin/{concentration of oxyhaemoglobin+ concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin})*100
b) (concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin/{concentration of oxyhaemoglobin+ concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin})*100
c) ({concentration of oxyhaemoglobin+ concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin}/concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin)*100
d) ({concentration of oxyhaemoglobin+ concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin}/concentration of oxyhaemoglobin)*100
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The instrument is designed to measure the percentage of functional hemoglobin combined with oxygen. This can be expressed as:

where CO is the concentration of oxyhemoglobin and CR is the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin.

7. What is used as a light source in ear oximeter?
a) Mercury-vapor lamp
b) Sodium-vapor lamp
c) Tungsten-iodine lamp
d) Sulfur lamp
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The light source is a tungsten-iodine lamp that has a high output in the spectrum of interest. A lens system collimates the light beam and directs it through thin-film interference filters that provide wavelength selection.

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