This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “The Inkjet Recorders”.
1. The total amount of glomerular filtrate is about ____________ per day.
a) 180 liters
b) 18 liters
c) 18 ml
d) 180 ml
View Answer
Explanation: The total amount of glomerular filtrate is about 180 litres per day, whereas the amount of urine formed from it is only 1–1.5l. This means that very large amounts of water, and other substances, are re-absorbed by the kidney tubules.
2. The amount of urine formed by an average kidney in one day is ________
a) 10-10.5 L
b) 10-15 ml
c) 1-1.5 L
d) 5 L
View Answer
Explanation: The amount of urine formed by an average kidney in one day is 1-1.5 L. The total amount of glomerular filtrate is about 180 litres per day. Very large amounts of water and other substances are re-absorbed by the kidney tubules.
3. Which hormone of the pituitary gland helps to automatically reabsorb water from the kidney?
a) Anti-diuretic hormone
b) Diuretic hormone
c) Pro-diuretic hormone
d) Pseudo-diuretic hormone
View Answer
Explanation: The re-absorption is partly an automatic process because the absorption of water is accurately controlled by the anti-diuretic hormone of the pituitary gland, in relation to the body’s need for water. The absorption of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium is partly controlled by the supra-renal gland and the concentration of others, like chloride and bicarbonate, is related to the acid-base balance.
4. The total blood flow through the kidneys is about _____________
a) 120 ml/min
b) 1200 ml/min
c) 200 ml/min
d) 10 ml/min
View Answer
Explanation: The total blood flow through the kidneys is about 1200 ml/min. The absorption of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium is partly controlled by the supra-renal gland and the concentration of others, like chloride and bicarbonate, is related to the acid-base balance. Some of the re-absorption from the glomerular filtrate is also a passive, automatic process of diffusion depending upon pressure gradients.
5. The total extra-cellular fluid amounts to about _________
a) 1 litres
b) 15 milli-litres
c) 15 litres
d) 150 litres
View Answer
Explanation: The total extra-cellular fluid amounts to about 15 litres. Some of the re-absorption from the glomerular filtrate is also a passive, automatic process of diffusion depending upon pressure gradients. The total blood flow through the kidneys is about 1200 ml/min.
6. Kidneys has no role maintaining the acid-base balance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: It is false. Kidney plays an important role in maintaining the acid-base balance. The water and electrolyte content of the blood plasma and, therefore, indirectly of the extra-cellular fluid are closely controlled by the kidneys. The blood plasma and the extra-cellular fluid are in equilibrium with each other and, therefore, an amount of blood equivalent to all the extra-cellular fluid can pass through the kidneys once every 15 minutes.
7. The symptoms and signs of profound renal malfunction are known as uremia.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The symptoms and signs of profound renal malfunction are known as uremia, meaning urine in the blood. Since most urinary contents are water-soluble, they reach high concentrations in blood and result in deranged body parts and their physiology.
8. Chronic renal failure results in changes in the body fluids which occur due to a _____________
a) progressive increase in the number of functioning nephrons
b) progressive decrease in the number of functioning nephrons
c) progressive decrease in the number of functioning neurons
d) progressive increase in the number of functioning neurons
View Answer
Explanation: Chronic renal failure results in changes in the body fluids which occur due to a progressive decrease in the number of functioning nephrons. With the decrease in functional nephrons, the clearance of urea, creatinine and other metabolic waste products will decrease proportionally. In consequence, the plasma concentrations of these substances will rise.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Biomedical Instrumentation.
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