Biochemistry Questions and Answers – Chromosomal Elements

This set of Biochemistry Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Chromosomal Elements”.

1. The lowest level of chromosome organization is _______________
a) Nucleosome
b) Solenoid
c) 30nm fiber
d) None of these
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: It is the basic unit of a chromosomal package consisting of a segment of DNA coiled around a core of histones.

2. How many autosomes are there in humans?
a) 21 pairs
b) 44
c) 46
d) 48
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Humans have 22 pairs of autosomes (44) and one homomorphic sex chromosomal pair.

3. What proportion of the human genome is made up of repetitive DNA sequences?
a) 15%
b) 1%
c) 90%
d) 50%
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: About half of the human genome is composed of repetitive and non-repetitive DNA sequences.
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4. The extra chromosomal, self-replicating, double stranded, closed, circular DNA molecules are called ____________
a) Viruses
b) Phages
c) Chloroplasts
d) Plasmids
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Plasmids are the extra chromosomal elements, which are self-replicating.

5. Which out of the following statements is true about the human genome?
a) The human genome is believed to contain approximately 50,000 protein coding genes
b) All non-protein coding sequences in the genome are believed to be non-functional DNA
c) About 1.6% of the human genome encodes protein sequences
d) Intros are the sections of protein coding genes that actually encode amino acid sequences
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The actual protein coding sequences (excluding introns) constitute only 1.6% of the total DNA.
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6. Which of the following is false about introns?
a) They are non-protein coding genes
b) They are protein coding genes
c) They are removed by splicing
d) Integral to gene expression regulation
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Exons are the protein coding genes.

7. Which of the two organelles contain their own DNA and ribosomes?
a) Mitochondria and chloroplast
b) Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
c) Golgi complex and mitochondria
d) Lysosomes and mitochondria
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Only mitochondria and chloroplast contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
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8. About what proportion of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA?
a) More than 95%
b) 50%
c) 1%
d) 1.5%
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: More than 95% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear DNA.

9. Short interspersed elements are about ____________
a) 100 to 300 bp long
b) 200 to 400 bp long
c) 10 to 100 bp long
d) 6000 to 8000 bp long
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Short interspersed elements (SINEs) are about 100 to 300 bp long.
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10. Long interspersed elements are about ____________
a) 100 to 300 bp long
b) 200 to 400 bp long
c) 10 to 100 bp long
d) 6000 to 8000 bp long
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Long interspersed elements (LINEs) are about 6kbp to 8kbp.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Biochemistry.

To practice all areas of Biochemistry, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.

If you find a mistake in question / option / answer, kindly take a screenshot and email to [email protected]

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Manish Bhojasia - Founder & CTO at Sanfoundry
Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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