This set of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics”.
1. What is Pharmacodynamics?
a) It is the study of movement of drugs within the body through different stages
b) It is a field of study that deals with drug administration
c) It is the study of effect of drugs and their mechanism of action within the body
d) It is a process study that determines the disintegration rate of a drug
View Answer
Explanation: Pharmacodynamics is a branch of Pharmacology that involves the study of effect of drugs within the human body along with its course of action. Another branch of Pharmacology is the Pharmacokinetics that deals with the incorporation and movement of drugs within the body.
2. Which of the following is not a receptor?
a) Ligand-gated ion channel
b) G-protein coupled receptor
c) Nuclear receptors
d) Allosteric modulators
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Explanation: Different receptors such as ligand-gated ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors and nuclear receptors are involved in drug interaction process where as allosteric modulators induces a conformational change in receptors through binding.
3. What are the basic process pathways involved in Pharmacokinetics?
a) Absorption, Distribution, Dissolution and Excretion
b) Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion
c) Absorption, Concentration, Dissolution and Excretion
d) Absorption, Concentration, Metabolism and Excretion
View Answer
Explanation: Pharmacokinetics involves the following four processes: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion which is commonly represented in an acronym ADME. The Pharmacokinetic study in general explains how the body reacts to any drug.
4. Which enzyme comprises a major part of enzyme-linked receptors?
a) Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
b) Receptor Threonine Phosphatase
c) Receptor Histidine Kinase
d) Receptor Serine Phosphatase
View Answer
Explanation: Receptor Tyrosine kinase is a cell surface receptor that forms the largest class of enzyme-linked receptors. They play a major role in cell signaling and cell differentiation hence are also known as Growth factor receptors.
5. What happens to the drug when it undergoes biotransformation?
a) Stability of the drug decreases
b) Binding affinity of the drug increases
c) The drug components are chemical altered
d) The drug becomes saturated
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Explanation: Biotransformation or metabolism in pharmacology, is a process in which the drug is chemically modified to produce metabolites by undergoing conformational changes. It is of high importance in the field of Toxicology.
6. Which of the following pair is incorrect, based on their functions, property and relevancy?
a) Facilitated diffusion – Energy independent
b) Active diffusion – Requires energy
c) Pore transport – Filtration
d) Pinocytosis – Cell eating
View Answer
Explanation: Pinocytosis is also called as cell drinking, because this process involves the ingestion of liquids into a living cell, while Cell eating predominantly refers to Phagocytosis. Both Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis together falls under Endocytosis mechanism.
7. Carrier mediated transport refers to the movement of molecules across membranes, with the help of carriers such as proteins.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: In Carrier mediated transport, the components are transported across a membrane, either from higher concentrations or lower concentrations. During this process, various carrier molecules are used to enhance molecular transportation.
8. How do you define IC50?
a) Half Minimal Inhibitory Concentration
b) Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration
c) Half Minimal Ionic Concentration
d) Half Minimal Ionic Concentration
View Answer
Explanation: IC50 is defined as the Half Maximal Inhibitory Concentration. It is involved in quantitative studies to determine the amount of inhibitory concentration to be inhibited in a drug. The term is most commonly used in Toxicology studies.
9. What does the term Biological Half-life mean?
a) It is the time required to reduce half of the radioactivity level inside the body
b) It is the time required for the concentration of a drug to reduce by 50% during the terminal phase
c) It is the time required by a drug to exactly reduce its original concentration to half, as a result of biological elimination
d) It is the time required by a drug in a plasma to reduce to half of its concentration due to biological elimination
View Answer
Explanation: Biological Half-life in Pharmacokinetics refers to the time taken for a drug to reduce its concentration to 50% due to biological elimination. It is denoted by tbiol or tb. The Biological Half-life of a drug can be calculated by t1/2 = 0.693/b.
10. Which of the following describes the Rate of absorption (Pore transport) in its correct form?
a) \(\frac{dc}{dt} = \frac{N.R^2.A.\delta C}{\eta h}\)
b) \(\frac{dc}{dt} = \frac{DAK_{W⁄O} (C_s-C_b)}{Vh}\)
c) \(\frac{dC_a}{dt} = \frac{1}{V_a}\) [P(t) – kCa]
d) V\(\frac{dc}{dt}\) = A(Cs – Cs)\(\sqrt{\gamma D}\)
View Answer
Explanation: The Rate of absorption in Pore transport is given by \(\frac{dc}{dt} = \frac{N.R^2.A.\Delta C}{\eta h}\), where N denotes number of pores, R denotes radius of pores, ΔC denotes concentration gradient and η refers to the viscosity of fluid inside the pores.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Drug and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.
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