This set of Drug Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Pharmacokinetic – Mechanism of Drug Interactions”.
1. The renal clearance of a drug bound to plasma protein is increased after displacement with another drug.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: When another drug displaces one drug which was previously bound to plasma protein, the renal clearance of the later increases. Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity by furosemide is an example of this. Furosemide does not precipitate by its diuretic effect but by displacing gentamicin from binding sites.
2. Which of the following promotes excretion of acidic drugs?
a) Citrates
b) Ammonium chloride
c) Methionine
d) Ascorbic acid
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Explanation: Acidification of urine using certain compounds such as NH4CL, methionine or ascorbic acids enhances the excretion of basic drugs. Alkalinisation of urine using citrates, tartarates, bicarbonates promote the excretion of acidic drugs.
3. Which of the following promotes the excretion of basic drugs?
a) Tartarates
b) Citrates
c) Bicarbonates
d) Ammonium chloride
View Answer
Explanation: Acidification of urine using certain compounds such as NH4CL, methionine or ascorbic acids enhances the excretion of basic drugs. Alkalinisation of urine using citrates, tartarates, bicarbonates promote the excretion of acidic drugs.
4. This is the equation for the calculation of creatinine clearance. Which age group does the Clcr = 0.48 H / Scr *[W/70]0.7 formula belong to?
a) 1-6 years
b) 1-20 years
c) Males above 20 years
d) Females above 20 years
View Answer
Explanation: Calculation of creatinine clearance involves the determination of serum creatinine levels. Creatinine production varies with age, height and gender. The given formulae is used to measure the creatinine level in children 1-20 years of age. Clcr is creatinine clearance in ml/min, Scr is serum creatinine in mg%, H is height in cms, W is weight in kg.
5. This is the equation for the calculation of creatinine clearance. Which age group does the Clcr = (140 – Age) W / 72 * Scr formula belong to?
a) 1-6 years
b) 1-20 years
c) Males above 20 years
d) Females above 20 years
View Answer
Explanation: Calculation of creatinine clearance involves the determination of serum creatinine levels. Creatinine production varies with age, height and gender. The given equation is for males whose age is above 20 years. Clcr is creatinine clearance in ml/min, Scr is serum creatinine in mg%, H is height in cms, W is weight in kg, age is in years.
6. This is the equation for the calculation of creatinine clearance. Which age group does the Clcr = (140 – Age) W / 85 * Scr formula belong to?
a) 1-6 years
b) 1-20 years
c) Males above 20 years
d) Females above 20 years
View Answer
Explanation: Calculation of creatinine clearance involves the determination of serum creatinine levels. Creatinine production varies with age, height and gender. The given equation is for females whose age is above 20 years. Clcr is creatinine clearance in ml/min, Scr is serum creatinine in mg%, H is height in cms, W is weight in kg, age is in years.
7. A girl with age 21 has height 240cm, weight 55kg, serum creatinine of 0.8mg will have ______________ creatinine clearance.
a) 80 ml/min
b) 90 ml/min
c) 96.25 ml/min
d) 85 ml/min
View Answer
Explanation: For females of age above 20 years the equation for creatinine clearance is (140-age)*W/85*Scr where, Clcr is creatinine clearance in ml/min, Scr is serum creatinine in mg%, H is height in cms, W is weight in kg, age is in years.
8. An adult male with age 22 has height 240cm, weight 85kg, serum creatinine of 0.8mg will have ______________ creatinine clearance.
a) 150 ml/min
b) 160 ml/min
c) 170.13 ml/min
d) 174.131 ml/min
View Answer
Explanation: For males of age above 20 years the equation for creatinine clearance is (140-age)*W / 72*Scr where, Clcr is creatinine clearance in ml/min, Scr is serum creatinine in mg%, H is height in cms, W is weight in kg, age is in years.
9. Which creatinine clearance value shows moderate renal failure?
a) 120-130 ml/min
b) 20-50 ml/min
c) Below 10 ml/min
d) 70-80 ml/min
View Answer
Explanation: The normal creatinine clearance value is 120-130 ml/min. A value between 20-50 ml/min of creatinine clearance shows moderate renal failure. Values below 10 ml/min indicates a severe renal failure.
10. Which creatinine clearance value shows severe renal failure?
a) 120-130 ml/min
b) 20-50 ml/min
c) Below 10 ml/min
d) 70-80 ml/min
View Answer
Explanation: The normal creatinine clearance value is 120-130 ml/min. A value between 20-50 ml/min of creatinine clearance shows moderate renal failure. Values below 10 ml/min indicates a severe renal failure.
11. Drugs in patients with renal impairment have same pharmacokinetic profile as in a person without renal failure.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Drugs in patient with renal impairment has changed pharmacokinetic. The drugs’ renal clearance, elimination rate are reduce, whereas the elimination half-life is increases a lot, even apparent volume of distribution is altered. Thus dose must be altered depending upon the renal function of the patient.
12. Which kind of membrane is used in haemodialysis?
a) Artificial Semipermeable membrane
b) Permeable membrane
c) Natural semipermeable membrane of the peritoneal cavity
d) Artificial permeable membrane
View Answer
Explanation: In haemodialysis, the semipermeable membrane is artificial membrane. The whole system of dialysis is outside the body, also called extracorporeal dialysis. In peritoneal dialysis, the membrane used is natural membrane of the peritoneal cavity.
13. Which kind of membrane is used in haemodialysis?
a) Artificial Semipermeable membrane
b) Permeable membrane
c) Natural semipermeable membrane of peritoneal cavity
d) Artificial permeable membrane
View Answer
Explanation: In peritoneal dialysis, the natural membrane of the peritoneal cavity of human body is used. In haemodialysis, the semipermeable membrane is artificial membrane. In peritoneal dialysis, a dialysate fluid is inserted into the abdomen using a catheter and drain the discarded fluid after some amount of time.
14. Which of the following will not be a factor governing the removal of substances through dialysis?
a) Molecular weight
b) Water solubility
c) Disintegration time
d) Protein binding
View Answer
Explanation: Disintegration time of a drug will be a factor for drug absorption, it will not directly affect the dialysis rate. Molecules with size less than 500 Dalton can be dialysed easily. Only water soluble drugs are able to be dialysed. Drugs binding to the plasma protein or the blood cells cannot be dialysed since dialysis is passive diffusion. Drug with large volume of distribution distributed throughout the body thus less readily removed through dialysis.
15. Haemodialysis is also known as extracorporeal dialysis.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Haemodialysis is the process of removal of unwanted solutes from the blood to a dialysate. This whole process is done outside the body in a series of tubes covered with artificial semipermeable membrane. Thus this process is known as extracorporeal dialysis. The equipment is referred to as artificial kidney or haemodialyzer.
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