Drug Biotechnology Questions and Answers – Opioid Analgesics

This set of Drug Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Opioid Analgesics”.

1. What are opioid analgesics?
a) Render a specific portion of the body insensitive to pain
b) Render the full body of the patient insensitive to pain
c) Render insensitive to pain by binding to opioid receptors
d) Render a specific CNS of the body insensitive to pain
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Analgesics, or pain killers, that bind to opioid receptors which are found principally in the CNS and Gastrointestinal tract. Most of the time increase the pain threshold level thus decreasing the patient’s perception of the occurring pain.

2. Which of the following are natural opiates?
a) Codeine
b) Oxycodone
c) Fentanyl
d) Endomorphins
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Natural opiates are alkaloid contained in the resin of the opium poppy including morphine and codeine. Semi-synthetic opiates are created from natural opiates such as hydromorphone, oxycodone, and diacetylmorphine. Fully synthetic opioids are such as fentanyl, methadone, etc.

3. Which of the following are semi-synthetic opiates?
a) Codeine
b) Oxycodone
c) Fentanyl
d) Endomorphins
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Semi-synthetic opiates are created from natural opiates such as hydromorphone, oxycodone, and diacetylmorphine. These are mad by simple modification of the existing natural chemical structure of the compound making it more potent, less toxic etc. Natural opiates are alkaloid contained in the resin of the opium poppy including morphine and codeine. Fully synthetic opioids are such as fentanyl, methadone, etc.
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4. Which of the following are fully synthetic opioids?
a) Codeine
b) Oxycodone
c) Fentanyl
d) Endomorphins
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Fully synthetic opioids are such as fentanyl, methadone, etc. These are fully made in the laboratories by the researchers. Most of them are made by mimicking the existing structures. Natural opiates are alkaloid contained in the resin of the opium poppy including morphine and codeine. Semi-synthetic opiates are created from natural opiates such as hydromorphone, oxycodone, and diacetylmorphine.

5. Which of the following are endogenous opioid peptides?
a) Codeine
b) Oxycodone
c) Fentanyl
d) Endomorphins
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Endogenous opioid peptides are produced naturally in the body, such as endorphins, Endomorphins, etc. Heroin and morphine exert their effects by mimicking naturally occurring substances, called endogenous opioid peptides or endorphins. Natural opiates are alkaloid contained in the resin of the opium poppy including morphine and codeine. Semi-synthetic opiates are created from natural opiates such as hydromorphone, oxycodone, and diacetylmorphine. Fully synthetic opioids are such as fentanyl, methadone, etc.
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6. How does the general opioids function?
a) Render a specific portion of the body insensitive to pain
b) Render the full body of the patient insensitive to pain
c) Render insensitive to pain by decreasing the pain threshold
d) Render a specific CNS of the body insensitive to pain
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: In general, opioids act upon mu-, delta-, and kappa-receptors on the brain and spinal cord neurons producing analgesia via decreased neuronal transmitter release. Opioid most of the times appear to work by elevating the pain threshold, thus decreases the brain’s awareness of pain in the patient’s body. Mu-binds morphine strongest. K-safest analgesic due to less dangerous side effects.

7. Which of the following side effects of morphine is the most dangerous?
a) Excitation
b) Nausea
c) Constipation
d) Tolerance and dependence
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Dangerous side effects are those of tolerance and dependence, allied with the effects morphine can have on breathing. The most common cause of death from morphine overdose is suffocation. These side effects in one drug are particularly dangerous and lead to severe withdrawal symptoms when the drug is no longer taken.
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8. What is opiophobia?
a) Fear of opioid plant
b) Fear of drugs
c) Fear of prescribing opioid drugs
d) Fear of anesthesia
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The fear of prescribing opioid pain medications is known as “opiophobia”. Although physical dependence and tolerance may develop, this should not prevent physicians from prescribing medicine to needy patients. No patient should ever wish for death because of a physician’s reluctance to use adequate amounts of effective opioids. Physical dependence is not equivalent to addiction.

9. Which of the following is the short-term effect of heroin?
a) Euphoria
b) Infection of the heart lining
c) Addiction
d) Decreased function of the liver
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Short term effects of heroin are in the central nervous system it will create euphoria, alternately alert and drowsy state. The mouth become dry, warm flushing skin and the muscle becomes weak, slowed breathing. The long-term effect of heroin is such as addiction, tolerance, dependence, the addicted person will have collapsed veins, infection of heart lining and valves, the liver will have decreased function.
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10. Which of the following is the long term effect of heroine?
a) Dryness of mouth
b) Collapsed veins
c) Muscle weakness
d) Euphoria
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The long term effect of heroin is such as addiction, tolerance, dependence, the addicted person will have collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves, the liver will have decreased function. Short term effects of heroine are in the central nervous system it will create euphoria, alternately alert and drowsy state. The mouth become dry, warm flushing skin and the muscle becomes weak, slowed breathing.

11. What is the antagonist for heroin?
a) Naloxone
b) Oxycodone
c) Fentanyl
d) Endomorphins
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: A heroin overdose is usually treated with an opioid antagonist, such as naloxone (Narcan) which has a high affinity for opioid receptors but does not activate them. Many death are caused due to the overdoses caused by interaction with depressant drugs like alcohol.

12. Which of the following Fentanyl analogues is ultra-short acting analgesic?
a) Alfentanyl
b) Sufentanil
c) Remifentanil
d) Carfentanil
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Alfentanil (Alfenta) is an ultra-short acting (5-10 minutes) analgesic. Sufentanil 5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl. Remifentanil currently the shortest acting opioid. Carfentanil has analgesic potency 10,000 times that of morphine.

13. Which of the following fentanyl analogue is used in heart surgery?
a) Alfentanyl
b) Sufentanil
c) Remifentanil
d) Carfentanil
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Sufentanil, a potent analgesic, 5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl for use in heart surgery. Alfentanil, ultra-short acting analgesic. Remifentanil, the shortest acting opioid, has the benefit of rapid offset, even after prolonged infusions. Carfentanil has analgesic potency 10,000 times that of morphine and is used in veterinary practice.

14. Which of the following is the shortest acting fentanyl analogue?
a) Alfentanyl
b) Sufentanil
c) Remifentanil
d) Carfentanil
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Remifentanil, currently the shortest acting opioid, has the benefit of rapid offset, even after prolonged infusions. Alfentanil, ultra-short acting i.e. 5-10 minutes analgesic. Sufentanil, a potent analgesic 5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl for use in heart surgery. Carfentanil is used in veterinary practice.

15. Which of the following fentanyl analogue is being used in veterinary practice?
a) Alfentanyl
b) Sufentanil
c) Remifentanil
d) Carfentanil
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Alfentanil, ultra-short acting analgesic. Sufentanil, a potent analgesic (5 to 10 times more potent than fentanyl) for use in heart surgery. Remifentanil has the benefit of rapid offset, even after prolonged infusions. Carfentanil has analgesic potency 10,000 times that of morphine and is used in veterinary practice to immobilize certain large animals such as elephants.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Drug and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.

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Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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