This set of Human Physiology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Chemical Coordination and Integration – Adrenal Glands”.
1. Adrenaline and non adrenaline are hormones and act as ________
a) Neurotransmitters
b) Energy storing substance
c) Food storage material
d) Energy producing agents
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenaline and non adrenaline are hormones and act as Neurotransmitters. They are secreted by adrenaline glands. They are also chemical messengers.
2. Glomerular area of adrenal cortex is responsible for ________
a) Water and electrolyte balance
b) Steroid hormone secretion
c) Blood pressure
d) Carbohydrate metabolism
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenal cortex is the outer part of the gland. It produces hormones. Glomerular area of adrenal cortex is responsible for water and electrolyte balance.
3. Which of the following hormone is known as flight and fight hormone?
a) Thyroxin
b) Adrenaline
c) ADH
d) Oxytocin
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenaline is known as flight and fight hormone. It is produced by adrenal glands, during stressful conditions adrenaline is released into the blood sending impulses to organs to create a specific response.
4. ADH acts on ________
a) Loop of Henle
b) Collecting ducts of testes
c) Collecting tubules of kidneys
d) PCT
View Answer
Explanation: ADH is also known as vasopressin. It is a peptide prohormone.it acts on collecting tubules of kidneys.
5. Adrenal gland is derived from ________
a) Endoderm
b) Mesoderm
c) Ectoderm
d) Ectoderm and mesoderm
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenal gland is derived from Ectoderm and mesoderm. They are endocrine glands. They are found above the kidneys.
6. Adrenaline hormone increases ________
a) Blood pressure
b) Blood glucose level
c) Arteriosclerosis
d) Oxygen uptake
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenaline hormone increases blood pressure. It sends a message in the form of an impulse to different parts of the body.
7. ADH deficiency shows ________
a) Polydipsia
b) Polyuria
c) Glycosuria
d) Polydipsia and Polyuria
View Answer
Explanation: ADH deficiency shows Polydipsia and Polyuria. Polydipsia is intense thirst despite drinking plenty of fluids. Polyuria is passing abnormally large amounts of urine.
8. The adrenal gland is located ________
a) In the peritoneal cavity
b) On the kidneys
c) Lateral to the liver
d) In the abdominal cavity
View Answer
Explanation: The adrenal gland is located on top of each kidney. Each adrenal gland is comprised of two distinct structures.
9. What is the name of the cells producing the hormone in adrenal medulla?
a) F cells
b) Chief cells
c) Principal cells
d) Chromaffin cells
View Answer
Explanation: Chromaffin cells are present in the adrenal medulla; they are innervated by the splanchnic nerve and secret adrenaline.
10. Which is not the function of cortisol?
a) Increases glucose uptake by muscles
b) Convert amino acids to glucose
c) Converts fat to fatty acids
d) Increases blood sugar level in response to stress
View Answer
Explanation: Cortisol is a steroid hormone, it is called a stress hormone.it helps in metabolism and immune response.
11. Low level of adrenal cortex hormones results in ________
a) Addison diseases
b) Cushing syndrome
c) Goiters
d) Tetany
View Answer
Explanation: Addison disease is also called as hypocortisolism. It is a disorder in which adrenal gland doesn’t produce enough hormones. Insufficient amount of cortisol and aldosterone is produced.
12. Adrenal gland consists of ________
a) ACTH and BCTH
b) Inner and outer layer of kidney
c) Inner medulla and outer cortex
d) Lower adrenal and upper adrenal
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenal gland consists of Inner and outer layer of the kidney. The outer part is called adrenal cortex and inner region is known as adrenal medulla.
13. The adrenal ___________ secretes small amount of both sex hormones.
a) Medulla
b) Cortex
c) Accessory gland
d) Cells
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenal cortex is an outer part of the gland. It produces vital hormones like cortisol and aldosterone. It also secretes a small amount of sex hormones.
14. ACTH controls the secretion of ________
a) Cortisol
b) Aldosterone
c) Epinephrine
d) Testosterone
View Answer
Explanation: ACTH is adrenocorticitropic hormone. It is a polypeptide hormone produced and secreted by pituitary gland. ACTH controls the secretion of cortisol.
15. Low level of adrenal cortex hormones result in ________
a) Goitre
b) Diabetes
c) Addison disease
d) Cushing syndrome
View Answer
Explanation: Low level of adrenal cortex hormones result in Addison disease. It is fewer than 1 million cases per year in India.
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