This set of Human Physiology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Chemical Coordination and Integration – Thyroid Glands”.
1. Which of the following diseases not related to thyroid glands?
a) Myxoedema
b) Cretinism
c) Acromegaly
d) Goitre
View Answer
Explanation: Acromegaly is a disorder in adults in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone. It requires a medical diagnosis.
2. Grave’s disease is due to _________
a) Hyperactivity of thyroid gland
b) Hyperactivity of adrenal medulla
c) Hyperactivity of adrenal cortex
d) Hyperactivity of islets of langerhans
View Answer
Explanation: Grave’s disease is also called as basedows disease. It results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones. It requires a medical diagnosis.
3. Hypothyroidism causes in an adult ___________
a) Obesity
b) Diabetes
c) Cretinism
d) Myxoedema
View Answer
Explanation: Hypothyroidism is also called as underactive thyroid. A condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone.
4. Endostyle of Amphioxus is similar to _________
a) Parathyroid
b) Thymus
c) Thyroid
d) Thalamus
View Answer
Explanation: Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland. It is found at the front of the neck below Adam’s apple.
5. Which of the following is not the symptom of hypothyroiditis?
a) Accumulation of urea in blood
b) Edema
c) Mental retardation
d) Lethargy
View Answer
Explanation: Hypothyroiditis symptoms include delayed puberty, hair loss, constipation, enlarged thyroid, high cholesterol. It does not include accumulation of urea in the blood.
6. Which type of epithelium is present in thyroid follicles?
a) Squamous
b) Cuboidal
c) Columnar
d) Transitional
View Answer
Explanation: Cuboidal epithelium is present in thyroid follicles. Follicular cells are responsible for the reduction and secretion of thyroid hormones.
7. Metamorphosis in frog is controlled by _________
a) Growth hormone
b) Insulin
c) Vasopressin
d) Thyroxin
View Answer
Explanation: Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops after birth involving abrupt change in animals’ body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Metamorphosis in frog is controlled by thyroxin.
8. Endemic goiter is a state of _________
a) Increased thyroid function
b) Decreased thyroid function
c) Moderate thyroid function
d) Normal thyroid function
View Answer
Explanation: Endemic goiter is associated with dietary iodine deficiency. It is due to decreased thyroid function.
9. How many lobes are present in the thyroid?
a) 1
b) 3
c) 2
d) 4
View Answer
Explanation: There are two lobes present in the thyroid. Thyroid is a butterfly shaped gland.
10. Which cells produce calcitonin?
a) C cells
b) B cells
c) A cells
d) T cells
View Answer
Explanation: C cells are also known as parafollicular cells. These cells are large and have a pale stain. C cells produce calcitonin.
11. Development of thyroid gland occurs in which week of intrauterine life?
a) 12th week
b) 15th week
c) 4th week
d) 7th week
View Answer
Explanation: Development of thyroid gland occurs in 4th week of intrauterine life. It is derived from ectoderm.
12. The most common type of thyroid cancer is papillary carcinoma.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Papillary carcinoma is thyroid cancer. It appears as an irregular solid or cystic mass or nodule in a normal thyroid parenchyma.
13. The left and right lobes are joined by _________
a) Levator
b) Isthmus
c) Pyramidal lobe
d) Valve
View Answer
Explanation: The left and right lobes are joined by Isthmus. Isthmus is made up of tissue.
14. Enlargement of the thyroid is called _________
a) Diabetes
b) Goitre
c) Cretinism
d) Myxoedema
View Answer
Explanation: Enlargement of the thyroid is called as Goitre. It is a noncancerous enlargement. It is caused due to iodine deficiency.
15. The four small glands in the thyroid gland are called _________
a) Parathyroid gland
b) Adrenal gland
c) Pineal gland
d) Endocrine and exocrine gland
View Answer
Explanation: Parathyroid gland is four tiny glands located at the neck. It controls calcium levels. Parathyroid gland produced PTH hormone.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Human Anatomy and Physiology.
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