This set of Enzyme Technology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Enzyme Extraction and Isolation – Choice of Enzyme Sources”.
1. What is the most important pre-requisite for a commercial enzyme production enterprise?
a) Cheap source
b) Extraction
c) Purification
d) Isolation
View Answer
Explanation: Enzyme are biocatalyst which are used in different industries such as healthcare, agriculture, food etc. For any industry utilizing enzymes, the most important pre-requisite is cheap source from which the enzyme can be extracted. Isolation, extraction and purification are stages in any enzyme producing industry.
2. Which one of the following is not a factor that limit the selection of right starting material for enzyme production?
a) Source selection
b) Availability of enzyme in the source
c) Isolation procedures
d) Location of enzyme
View Answer
Explanation: Isolation procedures is factor which is not involved in the selection of the starting material for enzyme production. Isolation procedures comes much later stage in any industry. Source selection, Availability of enzyme and location of enzyme are important factors in selecting the right starting material.
3. Which of the following enzyme cannot be extracted from liver?
a) Glucokinase
b) Lactose synthase
c) Arginase
d) Glutaminase
View Answer
Explanation: Source has to be such that enzyme is available in large amounts. Liver is a good source for enzymes which include glucokinase, arginase, glutaminase, glucornidase etc. Lactose synthase is available for extraction from lactating mammary gland.
4. Enzyme which can be extracted from mammary gland is _________
a) pectinase
b) glucornidase
c) lipase
d) acetyl CoA carboxylase
View Answer
Explanation: Large amounts of enzyme is the major factor for selecting a source. Acetyl CoA carboxylase is found in large amounts in lactating mammary gland along with lactase synthase. Hence acetyl CoA Carboxylase and lactase synthase can be extracted from lactating mammary gland. Pectinase and lipase is extracted from prokaryotes and unicellular fungal species.
5. Phytanase can be extracted only from ___________ species.
a) plant
b) prokaryote
c) fungal
d) animal
View Answer
Explanation: Prokaryotes and Fungal species have been identified to have industrially important enzymes like protease, lipase, cellulase etc. Lactase synthase, arginase can be extracted from animal species. Phytanase is only available in plant species in abundant. Hence phytanase is extracted from plant species.
6. Which of the following is not a reason for selected source to be used readily for the production of enzymes?
a) Socio-economical
b) Political
c) Extraction procedure
d) Geographical
View Answer
Explanation: Extraction procedure is not the reason for the selected source to be used readily for the production of enzymes. The reasons for not using the selected source are socio-economical, political, geographical etc. Hence alternative modern approach has been used to boost enzyme level in a cell before extraction and it is called rDNA technology.
7. The technology wherein gene transfer to host organisms by vectors is referred to as ________
a) rDNA technology
b) extraction
c) isolation
d) purification
View Answer
Explanation: The selected source may not be available for use due to various reasons. Thus, modern technology has been used to boost enzyme level in a cell before extraction. This can be done by using vector which will transfer gene of interest to host organisms. This procedure is called rDNA technology, Extraction, Isolation and Purification will come in later stages after rDNA technology has been done.
8. Enzymes which are secreted outside the body cells are referred to as ________ enzymes.
a) extracellular
b) intracellular
c) cytoplasmic
d) mitochondrial
View Answer
Explanation: Enzyme location is an important factor during extraction. Some enzymes are secreted outside the body cells and called extracellular enzymes. Certain enzymes are located inside the body cells and are called intracellular enzymes. Enzymes located in cytoplasm and mitochondria and referred to as cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes respectively.
9. Protease is an intracellular enzyme.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Protease is an extracellular enzyme as the enzyme is located outside the body and hence it is an extracellular enzyme. Conjugating enzyme is highly concentrated in liver mitochondria which means it is located inside the cells. Hence it is an intracellular enzyme.
10. Which of the following should be implemented in case of extracting conjugating enzymes?
a) Apt chemical compounds
b) Suitable density gradient
c) Centrifugation technique
d) Proper filtration
View Answer
Explanation: Conjugating enzymes are intracellular enzymes that are located in liver mitochondria. In order to avoid contamination from other proteins, we need to use a suitable density gradient which will remove unwanted debris. Apt chemical compounds, centrifugation and proper filtration can be used in case extracting extracellular enzyme as it is much easier to isolate.
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