This set of Enzyme Technology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Large Scale Use of Enzyme – Medical Application of Enzymes”.
1. Enzyme reduces its potential utility in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Enzymes are biocatalyst and hence its should make the most desirable therapeutic agent for the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, a number following factors reduces its potential utility. They are:
• Enzymes are large in size to be distributed within the body cells and hence not successfully applied in human genetic disease treatment. In recent times, number of methods have applied to target the enzymes to overcome this problem.
• Enzymes being antigenic can elicit immune response which may cause severe life threatening allergic reactions. To overcome this problem, enzymes may be disguised as a non-proteinaceous molecule bye covalent modification.
• Enzymes effective lifetime within the circulation may be only a matter of minutes. By disguising using covalent modification, the problem has been overcome a bit. However, these methods often cause increased immunological response and additionally may cause blood clots.
Hence the above statement is true.
2. ___________ is an enzyme used to dissolve blood clots.
a) Uricase
b) Lysozyme
c) Urokinase
d) Asparginase
View Answer
Explanation: Urokinase is a serine protease that is prepared from human urine and is used to dissolve blood clots. It converts plasminogen to plasmin. Uricase is used in the treatment of gout. Lysozyme acts as an antibiotic. Asparginase is used in the treatment of cancer.
3. Which of the following enzyme is used in the treatment of cancer?
a) Trypsin
b) Lysozyme
c) Asparginase
d) Streptokinase
View Answer
Explanation: Asparginase is used in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Tumor cells lack aspartate-ammonia ligase activity which restricts its ability to synthesize L-aspargine. Asparginase helps to extract L-aspargine from body fluids. Asparginase activity does not affect the functioning of normal cells which are able to synthesize on its own, but reduce the free exogenous concentration and so induces a state of fatal starvation in the susceptible tumor cell. Trypsin is used in the treatment of inflammation. Lysozyme is used as an antibiotic. Streptokinase is used in the treatment of blood clots.
4. _________ is used in treatment of skin ulcers.
a) Collagenase
b) Glutaminase
c) Rhodanase
d) Ribonuclease
View Answer
Explanation: Collagenase is an enzyme which hydrolysis collagen and used in the treatment of skin ulcers. Glutaminase is used in the treatment of leukemia. Rhodanase is used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. Ribonuclease has antiviral activity.
5. What does ‘Y’ represent in the following reaction?
L-Glutamine + H2O \(\underset{x}{\rightarrow}\) L – Glutamate + NH3
a) Collagenase
b) Glutaminase
c) Hyaluronidase
d) Urokinase
View Answer
Explanation: The equation above represents a hydrolytic reaction which is catalyzed by enzyme glutaminase. It is used in treatment and diagnosis of leukemia. Collagenase acts on collagen hydrolysis and is used in the treatment of skin ulcers. Hyaluronidase acts on Hyaluronate hydrolysis and is used in treatment of heart attack. Urokinase converts plasminogen to plasmin and is used in treatment of blood clots.
6. Which of the following enzyme is used as therapeutic enzyme in treating allergies caused by penicillin?
a) Rhodanase
b) Uricase
c) β – Lactamase
d) Hyaluronidase
View Answer
Explanation: β – Lactamase converts penicillin to penicilloate which helps inn treating penicillin allergies. Rhodanase is used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. Uricase is used in the treatment of gout. Hyaluronidase is used in the treatment of a heart attack.
7. Lysozyme: Antibacterial:: Ribonuclease: ______________
a) antiviral
b) penicillin allergy
c) blood clots
d) skin ulcers
View Answer
Explanation: Lysozyme is involved in bacterial cell wall hydrolysis, hence used as an antibacterial. Whereas, Ribonuclease is involved in RNA hydrolysis and has antiviral activity. Hence it can be used in treating viral infections. Penicillin allergy is treated by using β – Lactamase. Blood clots can be treated by using streptokinase and urokinase. Skin ulcers are treated by using collagenases.
8. What does ‘X’ represent in the following reaction?
S2O32- + CN– \(\underset{x}{\rightarrow}\) SO32- + SCN–
a) Lysozyme
b) Hyaluronidase
c) Trypsin
d) Rhodanase
View Answer
Explanation: The above reaction shows the conversion of thiosulphate to thiocyanate and releasing sulphur trioxide. It is used in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. Lysozyme is used as an antibiotic whereas trypsin is used as an inflammatory agent. Hyaluronidase is used in the treatment of heart attack.
9. What does ‘Y’ represent in the following reaction?
Urate + O2 \(\underset{Y}{\rightarrow}\) Allantoin
a) β – Lactamase
b) Streptokinase
c) Uricase
d) Glutaminase
View Answer
Explanation: The above reaction is an oxidation reaction which converts urate to allantoin. ‘Y’ represent uricase enzyme catalyzing the above reaction. β – Lactamase converts penicillin to penicilloate whereas streptokinase converts plasminogen to plasmin. Glutaminase acts on hydrolysis of L – Glutamine to L – Glutamate.
10. Antibacterial: Lysozyme:: Inflammation: _____________
a) Ribonuclease
b) Trypsin
c) Hyaluronidase
d) Collagenase
View Answer
Explanation: For bacterial infections, lysozyme is used as antibiotic as it has the capacity to hydrolyze bacterial cell wall. In the same way, to treat inflammation, trypsin is used as it has protein hydrolysis capacity. Hyaluronidase hydrolyzes hyaluronate and is used in the treatment and diagnosis of a heart attack. Collagenase hydrolyzes collagen and is used in the treatment of skin ulcers.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Enzyme Technology.
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