Enzyme Technology Questions and Answers – Recent Advances – Practical Examples of the use of Enzymes ‘in Reverse’

This set of Enzyme Technology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Recent Advances – Practical Examples of the use of Enzymes ‘in Reverse'”.

1. If proteases are supplied with high concentrations of soluble proteins, peptides or amino acids __________ are produced.
a) aspartate
b) glutamate
c) plasmin
d) plasteins
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: If proteases are supplied with high concentrations of soluble proteins, peptides or amino acids, plasteins with apparently random hydrophobic structures are produced. Aspartate is produced from aspargine by using asparginase. Plasminogen is converted to plasmin by streptokinase enzyme. Glutamate is produced from glutamine by glutaminase enzyme.

2. ____________ is the dipeptide of L-aspartic acid with the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine.
a) Lactose
b) Sucrose
c) Aspartame
d) Carnosine
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Aspartame is the dipeptide of L-aspartic acid with the methyl ester of L-phenylalanine. Lactose is a disaccharide made up of glucose and galactose, whereas sucrose is made up of glucose and fructose. Carnosine is a dipeptide that is made up of the amino acids beta-alanine and histidine.

3. A method for the synthesis of aspartame exemplifies the power of thermolysin, a protease.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Aspartame is a high intensity sweetener and a dipeptide of L-aspartic acid and methyl ester of L-phenylalanine. The procedure of synthesis of aspartame must have the capability to protect the β-carboxyl group and the α-amino group of the L-aspartic acid. If thermolysin is used to catalyze production of aspartame, the regio-specificity of the enzyme helps eliminating the need to protect β-carboxyl group of L-aspartic acid. But the α-amino group must still be protected to prevent the synthesis of poly-L-aspartic acid. Hence the above statement is true.
advertisement
advertisement

4. Which of these is a cleavage site for chymotrypsin?
a) The cleavage site for chymotrypsin - option a
b) The cleavage site for chymotrypsin - option b
c) The cleavage site for chymotrypsin - option c
d) The cleavage site for chymotrypsin - option d
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:
Explanation for cleavage site for chymotrypsin

5. Which of these is a cleavage site for trypsin?
a) The cleavage site for trypsin - option a
b) The cleavage site for trypsin - option b
c) The cleavage site for trypsin - option c
d) The cleavage site for trypsin - option d
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation:
Explanation for cleavage site for trypsin
Sanfoundry Certification Contest of the Month is Live. 100+ Subjects. Participate Now!

6. Cleavage site for pepsin is _______________
a) Cleavage site for pepsin - option a
b) Cleavage site for pepsin - option b
c) Cleavage site for pepsin - option c
d) Cleavage site for pepsin - option d
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation:
Explanation for cleavage site for pepsin

7. What kind of process is represented in the following equation?
Find the kind of process represented in the following equation
a) Hydrogenation
b) Substitution
c) Decomposition
d) Addition and elimination
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The process in the above reaction represents simple hydrogenation process to form aspartame. If BOC-L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine methyl ester are reacted in the presence of thermolysin, an equilibrium reaction mixture is achieved producing relatively small yields of BOC-aspartame. After this step, the BOC-aspartame is released from this adduct by simply altering the pH. The stereo-specificity of the thermolysin determines that only the L-isomer of phenylalanine methyl ester reacts but the addition product is formed equally well from both the D- and L-isomers.
advertisement

8. Which of the following factor does not favor peptide synthesis?
a) Use of liquid/liquid biphasic systems
b) Selection of protecting residues for amino and carboxyl groups
c) Choice of pH
d) Location of proteases
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The following factor favor peptide synthesis which acts by controlling the equilibrium of the reaction:
• Choice of pH.
• Selection of protecting residues for amino and carboxyl groups which favor product precipitation.
• Use of liquid/liquid biphasic systems.
Location of proteases is important for its choice of raw material to obtain it. Hence it is not a factor which favors peptide synthesis.

9. An alternative strategy to produce aspartame is kinetically controlled synthesis.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: An alternative strategy to produce aspartame is kinetically controlled synthesis. In this process, the rate of peptide product synthesis (kP) is high as compared to the rate of peptide hydrolysis (kH). This process is ensured by providing an amino acid or peptide which is a more powerful nucleophile than water in accepting a peptide unit from an enzyme-peptide intermediate. Hence the above statement is true.
advertisement

10. What does the following reaction represent?
The reaction represents kinetically controlled synthesis wherein rate of peptide product
a) Hydrogenation
b) Kinetically controlled synthesis
c) Substitution
d) Decomposition
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The above reaction represents kinetically controlled synthesis. Kinetically controlled synthesis is one wherein the rate of peptide product synthesis (kP) is high compared to that of the rate of peptide hydrolysis (kH). By providing an amino acid or peptide which is a more powerful nucleophile than water in accepting a peptide unit from an enzyme-peptide intermediate, kinetically controlled synthesis may be achieved. In the reaction, X represents an alcohol, amine or other activating group, i.e., the reactant is an ester, amide (peptide) or activated carboxylic acid.

11. The conversion of porcine insulin to human insulin is catalyzed by ________ enzyme.
a) thermolysin
b) trypsin
c) streptokinase
d) asparginase
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The conversion of porcine insulin to human insulin is catalyzed by trypsin which replaces C-terminal alanine (β30) residue by a threonine. Thermolysin is used to produce aspartame from aspartic acid. Aspartate is produced from aspargine by using asparginase. Plasminogen is converted to plasmin by streptokinase enzyme.

12. The conversion of porcine insulin to human insulin is achieved by ____________ reaction.
a) hydrogenation
b) transpeptidation
c) kinetically controlled synthesis
d) decomposition
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The conversion of porcine insulin to human insulin is achieved by transpeptidation reaction which replaces C-terminal alanine (β30) residue by a threonine by use of trypsin in an aqueous solution with an organic co-solvent. The protective group can be simply removed later by mild hydrolysis and the product purified by silica gel chromatography.

13. The conversion of porcine insulin to human insulin is achieved by ____________ reaction.
a) hydrogenation
b) transpeptidation
c) kinetically controlled synthesis
d) decomposition
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The conversion of porcine insulin to human insulin is achieved by transpeptidation reaction which replaces C-terminal alanine (β30) residue by a threonine by use of trypsin in an aqueous solution with an organic co-solvent. The protective group can be simply removed later by mild hydrolysis and the product purified by silica gel chromatography.

14. What is represented in the following diagram?
Production of insulin from porcine insulin is done by replacing C-terminal alanine
a) Production of aspartame
b) Production of insulin
c) Production of penicillin
d) Production of glucose syrups
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Production of insulin from porcine insulin is represented in the diagram. The conversion of to human insulin is done by replacing the C-terminal alanine (β30) residue by a threonine. This is achieved by a single transpeptidation step which is catalyzed by trypsin using a carboxyl-protected threonine in an aqueous solution with an organic co-solvent. Later, the protective group is removed by mild hydrolysis and the product is purified by silica gel chromatography.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Enzyme Technology.

To practice all areas of Enzyme Technology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.

If you find a mistake in question / option / answer, kindly take a screenshot and email to [email protected]

advertisement
advertisement
Subscribe to our Newsletters (Subject-wise). Participate in the Sanfoundry Certification contest to get free Certificate of Merit. Join our social networks below and stay updated with latest contests, videos, internships and jobs!

Youtube | Telegram | LinkedIn | Instagram | Facebook | Twitter | Pinterest
Manish Bhojasia - Founder & CTO at Sanfoundry
Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

Subscribe to his free Masterclasses at Youtube & discussions at Telegram SanfoundryClasses.