Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance MCQ

This set of Class 12 Physics Chapter 2 Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance”. These MCQs are created based on the latest CBSE syllabus and the NCERT curriculum, offering valuable assistance for exam preparation.

1. Work done to bring a unit positive charge from infinity to a point in an electric field is known as _______
a) Electric potential
b) Electric field intensity
c) Electric dipole moment
d) The total energy of the point charge
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Electric potential is defined as the amount of work done to bring a unit positive charge from an infinite distance to a particular point of an electric field. The total energy of that point charge means the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy which is not the same as the potential energy if the particle is in motion.

2. If V_A and VV_B are the potentials of the two points A and B, what will be the correct relation between the electric field and the potential difference between the points? The distance between the points is d.

a) V_A-V_B=Ed
b) V_B-V_A=Ed
c) V_A-V_B=\(\frac {E}{d}\)
d) V_A-V_B=\(\frac {d}{E}\)
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the electric field is always from a point with a higher potential to a point of lower potential. According to the diagram V_A > V_B. Therefore, to bring a positive point charge from B to A, work done=-Ed which will be equal to the potential difference between the points i.e. V_A-V_B=-Ed.

3. What is the dimension of electric potential?
a) [M L T^-2]
b) [M L T^-3 I]
c) [M L T^-3 I^-1]
d) [M L² T^-3 I]
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Potential can be simply defined as work done on a unit charge, therefore the dimension=\(\frac {the \, dimension \, of \, work}{the \, dimension \, of \, charge}=\frac {[M L T^{-2}]}{[I T]}\)=[M L T^-3 I^-1]. The dimension of potential energy in mechanics is not the same as electric potential energy though both of them are the unit of energy. In mechanics, it is defined as work done on a unit mass.

4. Electric potential varies with distance such that V(x) =ax-bx³; where a and b are constants. Where will the electric field intensity be zero?
a) x=\(\frac {a}{b}\)
b) x=\(\frac {a}{3b}\)
c) x=\(\sqrt{\frac {a}{b}}\)
d) x=+\(\sqrt{\frac {a}{3b}}\) and x=-\(\sqrt{\frac {a}{3b}}\)
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: We know that E=-\(\frac {dv}{dx}\)
∴ E = –\(\frac {d}{dx}\) (ax – bx³) = -(a – 3bx²)
Electric field will be zero. ∴ E = 0 ⇒ (a-3bx²) = 0
⇒ a = 3bx²
⇒ x² = \(\frac {a}{3b}\) = x = ±\(\sqrt{\frac {a}{3b}}\)

5. 1 electron volt= __________ J.
a) 1.6*10^-19
b) 4.8*10^-19
c) 1.6*10^-10
d) 10
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: 1 electron volt is the amount of work done if an electron is passed through a potential difference of 1V. Therefore the work done = 1V*charge of an electron = 1.602*10^-19 J. But it is a small quantity and hence we use kilo electron volt and mega electron volt in practical.

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6. 1 V/m= _______
a) 1N/C
b) 3*10¹⁰ N/C
c) 10⁷ N/C
d) 10¹⁰ N/C
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: From the definition, we know that electric field E=\(\frac {-dv}{dx}\). Therefore V/m is the unit of electric field intensity. 1 V/m means the amount of electric field in which if we move a unit positive charge by 1 m, the work done will be 1N. Therefore, the electric field will be 1N/C.

7. The electric potential difference between two points is a path function. The statement is __________
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Electric potential depends only on the electric field intensity and the amount of charge. It has no dependency on the path by which the charge is traveling. Therefore, if we move a charge from one point to another in presence of an electric field in a straight line or a curve line, work done in both the cases will be the same i.e. potential difference between the points will be the same.

8. By performing a set of experiments, a scientist found that the electric field between two points A and B is zero. What can he conclude regarding the potential of the two points?
a) V_A=0, V_B=0
b) V_A>V_B
c) V_A+V_B
d) V_A=V_B
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: We know thatV_AB=V_A-V_B=-\(\int_A^B\)E.dx. But E=0, so the value of the integral becomes zero. Therefore V_A=V_B is obtained. The electric field is always directed from a point of higher potential to a point of lower potential. But if the potential of two points is the same, i.e. no potential difference, then there will be no electric field.

9. Earth’s potential is _______
a) Zero
b) Highly positive
c) Highly negative
d) Varies from place to place
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: We consider earth as the storage of infinite positive as well as a negative charge. Therefore, the potential of the earth is always considered to be zero and the potential of every body is measured with respect to earth. That’s why if we connect any charged body to the earth, its potential instantaneously becomes zero.

10. If a charged body is moved in an electric field against the Coulomb force, then ________
a) Work is done on the body by an external agent
b) Work is done by the electric field
c) Electric field intensity decreases
d) The total energy of the system decreases
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: To move a body against some force, work is to be done on the body. In this case, an external force is to be applied on the body to move it i.e. an external work is to be done. As we are moving the body against the Coulomb’s force, hence no work is done on the body by the electric field.

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