# Differential and Integral Calculus Questions and Answers – Change of Variables In a Triple Integral

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This set of Differential and Integral Calculus MCQs focuses on “Change of Variables In a Triple Integral”.

1. For the below-mentioned figure, conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to cylindrical polar with coordinates p(ρ,∅,z) is given by ______

a) ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz
b) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) dρ d∅ dz
c) ∭R*f(ρ,∅,z) ρ∅ dρ d∅ dz
d) ∭R f(ρ,∅,z) ρ2 dρ d∅ dz

Explanation: From the figure we can write x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin ∅, z=z
now we know that during change of variables f(x,y,z) is replaced by
$$f(ρ,∅,z)*J\left(\frac{x,y,z}{ρ,∅,z}\right)$$ with limits in functions of x,y,z to functions of ρ,∅,z respectively
$$J\left(\frac{x,y,z}{ρ,∅,z}\right)= \begin{vmatrix} \frac{∂x}{∂p} & \frac{∂x}{∂∅} &\frac{∂x}{∂z}\\ \frac{∂y}{∂p} &\frac{∂y}{∂∅} &\frac{∂y}{∂z}\\ \frac{∂z}{∂p} &\frac{∂z}{∂∅} &\frac{∂z}{∂z}\\ \end{vmatrix} = \begin{vmatrix} cos⁡∅ &-p sin⁡∅ &0\\ sin⁡∅ &p cos⁡∅ &0\\ 0 &0 &1\\ \end{vmatrix} = cos ∅(ρ cos ∅) + ρ sin ∅ (sin ∅)$$
= ρ, thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(ρ,∅,z) ρ dρ d∅ dz where R* is the new region.

2. For the below mentione figure ,conversion from cartesian coordinate ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz to spherical polar with coordinates p(r,θ,∅) is given by ______

a) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) sin⁡θ dr dθ d∅
b) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 dr dθ d∅
c) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 cos⁡θ dr dθ d∅
d) ∭R* f(r,θ,∅) r2 sin⁡θ dr dθ d∅

Explanation: From the figure we can write x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z = r cos θ
now we know that during a change of variables f(x,y,z) is replaced by $$f(ρ,∅,z)*J\left(\frac{x,y,z}{ρ,∅,z}\right)$$ with limits in functions of x,y,z to functions of r,θ,∅ respectively
$$J\left(\frac{x,y,z}{ρ,∅,z}\right) =\begin{vmatrix} \frac{∂x}{∂r} &\frac{∂x}{∂θ} &\frac{∂x}{∂∅}\\ \frac{∂y}{∂r} &\frac{∂y}{∂θ}& \frac{∂y}{∂∅}\\ \frac{∂z}{∂r} &\frac{∂z}{∂θ} &\frac{∂z}{∂∅}\\ \end{vmatrix} = \begin{vmatrix} sin θ cos ∅ &r cos θ cos ∅ &-r sin θ sin ∅\\ sin θ sin ∅ &r cos θ sin ∅ &r sin θ cos ∅\\ cos θ& -r sin θ &0\\ \end{vmatrix}$$
= sin θ cos ∅(r2 sin2 θ cos⁡∅) + r cos θ cos ∅(r sin θ cos ∅ cos θ) – r sin θ sin ∅
= (-r sin2 θ sin⁡∅-r cos2 θ sin⁡∅)……on solving we get r2 sin⁡θ
thus ∭R f(x,y,z)dx dy dz = ∭R* f(r,θ,∅)r2 sin⁡θ dr dθ d∅ where R* is the new region.

3. If ∭R xyz dx dy dz is solved using cylindrical coordinate where R is the region bounded by the planes x=0, y=0, z=0, z=1 & x2+y2=1 then what is the value of that integral?
a) 1/24
b) 1/16
c) 1/4
d) 1/2

Explanation: x2+y2=1→ρ varies from 0 to 1 substituting x=ρ cos ∅, y=ρ sin ∅, z=z
z varies from 0 to1, x=0, y=0→∅ varies from 0 to π/2
thus the given integral is changed to cylindrical polar given by
$$\int_0^{\frac{π}{2}} \int_ 0^1 \int_0^1 cos⁡∅sin⁡∅ ρ^3 z \,dz \,dρ \,d∅ = \int_0^{\frac{π}{2}} \int_ 0^1 cos⁡∅sin⁡∅ ρ^3 \Big[\frac{z^2}{2}\Big]_0^1 \,dρ \,d∅$$
$$\int_0^{\frac{π}{2}} cos⁡∅sin⁡∅ \Big[\frac{ρ^3}{8}\Big]_0^1 \,d∅ = \int_0^{\frac{π}{2}} cos⁡∅sin⁡∅ \frac{1}{8} \,d∅$$
put sin ∅=t, dt=cos ∅
t varies from 0 to 1 $$\int_ 0^1 \frac{1}{8} t \,dt = \Big[\frac{t^2}{16}\Big]_0^1 = \frac{1}{16}.$$

4. The volume of the region R defined by inequalities 0≤z≤1, 0≤y+z≤2,0≤x+y+z≤3 is given by ______
a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 1

Explanation: It is observed from equations that the region is made of parallelepiped thus volume of parallelepiped is given by triple integral over the given region.
i.e by using substitutions as x+y+z=p, y+z=q, z=r the new region becomes R* where p varies from 0 to 3, q varies from 0 to 2 & r varies from 0 to 1 jacobian of this transformation is given by
$$J\left(\frac{p,q,r}{x,y,z}\right) = \begin{vmatrix} \frac{∂p}{∂x} & \frac{∂p}{∂y} &\frac{∂p}{∂z}\\ \frac{∂q}{∂x} &\frac{∂q}{∂y} &\frac{∂q}{∂z}\\ \frac{∂r}{∂x} &\frac{∂r}{∂y} &\frac{∂r}{∂z}\\ \end{vmatrix} = \begin{vmatrix} 1&1&1\\ 0&1&1\\ 0&0&1\\ \end{vmatrix} = 1(1) – 1(0) + 1(0) = 1$$
but we need $$J\left(\frac{x,y,z}{p,q,r}\right) \,w.k.t\, J\left(\frac{x,y,z}{p,q,r}\right) J\left(\frac{p,q,r}{x,y,z}\right) = 1 \,thus\, J\left(\frac{x,y,z}{p,q,r}\right)=1$$
now the volume is given by $$\int_ 0^1 \int_ 0^2\int_ 0^3 \,dp \,dq \,dr = \int_ 0^1 \int_ 0^2 3\, dq \,dr = \int_ 0^1 6dr = 6.$$

5. What is the value of integral $$∭_Re^{{(x^2+y^2+z^2)}^{\frac{3}{2}}} \,dx \,dy \,dz$$ where R is the region given by x2+y2+z2≤1?
a) $$\frac{4π(e-1)}{3}$$
b) $$\frac{4π(e^3-1)}{3}$$
c) $$\frac{4π(e^2+1)}{3}$$
d) $$\frac{8π(e+1)}{3}$$

Explanation: It can be noticed that R is the region bounded by sphere from the equation x2+y2+z2≤1 thus we are using spherical coordinate to solve this problem
i.e clearly radius r varies from 0 to 1, θ varies from 0 to π & ∅ varies from 0 to 2π
thus the given integral changes to $$\displaystyle∭_{R^*} e^{{r}^{{2}^{1.5}}}$$ r2 sin⁡θ dr dθ d∅
$$e^{{r}^{{2}^{1.5}}}$$ is obtained by substituting x = r sin θ cos ∅, y = r sin θ sin ∅, z=r cos θ & hence solving the same, now substituting R* we get
$$\displaystyle\int_ 0^{2π} \int_ 0^π \int_ 0^1 e^{{r}^{{2}^{1.5}}} r^2 \, sin⁡θ \,dr \,dθ \,d∅ = \int_ 0^{2π} d∅ \int_ 0^π sin⁡θ \,dθ \int_ 0^1 r^2 e^{{r}^{3}} \,dr$$
$$2π*\Big[-cos⁡θ\Big]_0^π * \frac{1}{3} \Big[e^{{r}^{3}}\Big]_{r^3=0}^{r^3=1}=\frac{4π(e-1)}{3}.$$

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Differential and Integral Calculus.

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