This set of Bioprocess Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers focuses on “Methods Used for the Cultivation of Animal Cells”.
1. Primary plant cells are better formed aggregates than animal cells.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Unlike plant cells, primary mammalian cells do not normally form aggregates, but grow in the form of monolayers on support surfaces such as glass surfaces of flasks. Using the proteolytic enzyme trypsin, individual cells in a tissue can be separated to form single-cell cultures.
2. What does “T” refers to in Tissue culture flask (T-Flask)?
a) Total volume of the flask
b) Total weight of the flask
c) Total surface area of the flask
d) Total mass of the flask
View Answer
Explanation: The “T” referred to the total surface area of the flask that was available for cell growth: thus a T-25 flask had a 25cm2 growth area. By the 1960s, straight neck T-flasks was available molded from polystyrene that was treated to enhance cell attachment.
3. Which of the following is not a type of basic T-Flask?
a) T-25
b) T-55
c) T-75
d) T-175
View Answer
Explanation: Flasks are divided into 6 types, depending on the culture scale and the cap type. Cell growth area for T25, T75 and T175 are 25 cm², 75 cm², and 175 cm², respectively. Each flask can be provided with plug or filter caps.
4. EDTA is carcinogenic.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The typical concentration of use of EDTA is less than 2%, with the other salts in current use at even lower concentrations. The lowest dose reported to cause a toxic effect in animals was 750 mg/kg/day. These chelating agents are cytotoxic and weakly genotoxic, but not carcinogenic.
5. Transformed cell lines are immortal.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Cells that can be propagated indefinitely are called continuous, immortal, or transformed cell lines. Cancer cells are naturally immortal. All cancerous cell lines are transformed, although it is not clear whether all transformed cell lines are cancerous.
6. Nontransformed cell lines form monolayer whereas transformed cell lines form multilayer.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: One particular characteristic is contact inhibition. In two-dimensional culture on a surface nontransformed cells form only a monolayer, as cell division is inhibited when a cell’s surface is in contact with other cells. Transformed cells do not “sense” the presence of other cells and keep on dividing to form multilayer structures.
7. Baculovirus infects insect cell lines and are also pathogenic to humans.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The baculovirus that infects insect cells is an ideal vector for genetic engineering, because it is nonpathogenic to humans and has a very strong promoter that encodes for a protein that is not essential for virus production in cell culture. The insertion of a gene under the control of this promoter can lead to high expression levels (40% of the total protein as the target protein).
8. Hybridoma cells have an application to produce:
a) Antigens
b) Antibodies
c) Cancer cells
d) Cell lines
View Answer
Explanation: Hybridoma cells are obtained by fusing lymphocytes (normal blood cells that make antibodies) with myeloma (cancer) cells. Lymphocytes producing antibodies grow slowly and are mortal. After fusion with myeloma cells, hybridomas become immortal, can reproduce indefinitely, and produce antibodies. Using hybridoma cells, highly specific, monoclonal (originating from one cell) antibodies can be produced against specific antigens.
9. Vaccine is not a serum.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Both antisera and antitoxins are means of proactively combating infections. The introduction of compounds to which the immune system responds is an attempt to build up protection against microorganisms or their toxins before the microbes actually invade the body.
10. Serum does not require sterilization.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Serum must be filtered sterilized, and contamination with viruses and possibly mycoplasma (a wall less bacterium) are potential problems. Contamination by prions (agents that cause diseases such as “mad cow” disease) is a real concern, and source animals cannot come from regions known to have contaminated animals.
11. What is the full form of MEM in Eagle’s cell culture medium?
a) Maximum evaporating medium
b) Maximum essential medium
c) Minimum essential medium
d) Minimum evaporating medium
View Answer
Explanation: Eagle’s minimal essential medium (EMEM) is a cell culture medium developed by Harry Eagle that can be used to maintain cells in tissue culture.
12. Transferrin is present in serum media.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: A simpler serum-free medium may contain insulin, transferrin, and selenium as serum replacement components, in addition to glucose, glutamine, other amino acids, and salts.
13. Small bubbles are more shear sensitive than large bubbles.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Animal cells are very shear sensitive, and rising air bubbles may cause shear damage to cells, particularly at the point of bubble rupture. Very small bubbles are less damaging.
14. Pluronic F-68 is ____________
a) Ionic
b) Non-ionic
c) Covalent
d) Metallic
View Answer
Explanation: Poloxamers are nonionic triblock copolymers composed of a central hydrophobic chain of polyoxypropylene (poly(propylene oxide)) flanked by two hydrophilic chains of polyoxyethylene (poly(ethylene oxide)). Poloxamers are also known by the trade names Synperonics, Pluronics, and Kolliphor.
15. Spinner flask contains:
a) Spindle shaped agitators
b) Cylindrical agitators
c) Simple agitators
d) Spoon-like agitators
View Answer
Explanation: Spinner flasks contain a magnetically driven impeller or spoonlike agitators that operate at 10 to 60 rpm. Aeration is usually by surface aeration using 5% CO2-enriched and filtered air for mammalian cell lines. Spinner flasks are set on a magnetic stirrer plate in a CO2 incubator.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Bioprocess Engineering.
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