This set of Bioprocess Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Disposal of Effluent”.
1. What do you mean by the term “Ammoniacal Nitrogen”?
a) A safe disposal
b) An unsafe disposal
c) A metal
d) A non-toxic substance
View Answer
Explanation: Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), is a measure for the amount of ammonia, a toxic pollutant often found in landfill leachate and in waste products, such as sewage, liquid manure and other liquid organic waste products. Ammonia can directly poison humans and upset the equilibrium of water systems.
2. Disposal in sea and rivers are safe.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Beyond the standards of disposal in water bodies is toxic. In addition, levels of ammoniacal nitrogen may be stipulated. There are as well, often stringent upper limits for toxic metals and chemicals which might kill the fauna and flora.
3. Lagoon is a part of sea water.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Lagoon is an area of sea water separated from the sea by a reef (= a line of rocks and sand).
4. What is a Facultative pond?
a) Top layer is anaerobic
b) Bottom layer is aerobic
c) Aerobic throughout depth
d) Top layer is aerobic
View Answer
Explanation: The most often used ponds in domestic wastewater treatment are the stabilization pond and facultative lagoon. The stabilization pond is designed to be aerobic throughout its depth and the facultative lagoon will be anaerobic at the bottom and aerobic at the top.
5. Deep water ponds are mechanically agitated.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Achieving good agitation is an important part of this. Failure to properly agitate the manure will result in a continuous buildup of settled solids within the storage, resulting in less and less available storage as time goes by. Good agitation of the manure will re-suspend those settled solids and facilitate their removal from the storage ensuring we maintain that capacity we need. Additionally, agitation of the manure helps homogenize it and provide a more consistent nutrient content as it is applied.
6. Which of the following step is required for the spray irrigation?
a) Waste should be chlorinated
b) Waste should not be chlorinated
c) Land high above 38mm rainfall
d) Land with below 38mm rainfall
View Answer
Explanation: The waste are initially chlorinated to lower the BOD and reduce unpleasant odors and then sprayed on to land until the equivalent of 38mm of rainfall is reached. The process is repeated at monthly intervals.
7. What is micro spray irrigation?
a) Surface
b) Sprinkler
c) Drip
d) Subsurface
View Answer
Explanation: Micro irrigation is defined as the frequent application of small quantities of water directly above and below the soil surface; usually as discrete drops, continuous drops or tiny streams through emitters placed along a water delivery line. Drip Irrigation. Simcha Blass, an Israeli hydraulic engineer, is credited with the discovery and introduction of modern drip irrigation in the early 1930’s. Drip irrigation (also known as micro-irrigation) became more common with the introduction of plastics in the 1950’s.
8. Injection wells are used for waste disposal apart from oil and gas production.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: An injection well is a device that places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer. The fluid may be water, wastewater, brine (salt water), or water mixed with chemicals.
9. What do you mean by “Leachate”?
a) A worm
b) A solid
c) A fluid
d) A gas
View Answer
Explanation: A leachate is any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids, or any other component of the material through which it has passed.
10. Landfill is produced by microbes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Landfill gas is a complex mix of different gases created by the action of microorganisms within a landfill. Landfill gas is approximately forty to sixty percent methane, with the remainder being mostly carbon dioxide.
11. Landfill gas (LFG) contains Nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs).
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: By volume, landfill gas typically contains 45% to 60% methane and 40% to 60% carbon dioxide. Landfill gas also includes small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia, sulfides, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) such as trichloroethylene, benzene, and vinyl chloride.
12. Landfills do not decompose.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The solid waste layer becomes laced with these strips of dirt. Landfills are not designed to break down waste, only to store it. But garbage in a landfill does decompose, albeit slowly and in a sealed, oxygen-free environment.
13. Incineration is a “Cold treatment” process.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as “thermal treatment”. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power.
14. What do you mean by the term “Flue gas”?
a) Dry CO2
b) Chimney gas
c) Non-combustible gas
d) Cold gas
View Answer
Explanation: A flue is a duct, pipe, or opening in a chimney for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, furnace, water heater, boiler, or generator to the outdoors. Historically the term flue meant the chimney itself. Flue gas is the gas exiting to the atmosphere via a flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace, oven, furnace, boiler or steam generator. Quite often, the flue gas refers to the combustion exhaust gas produced at power plants.
15. Flue gas does not need pre-treatment.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Flue Gas Treatment. Waste incineration and many other industrial processes generate flue gases. These often contain pollutants such as sulfur oxides (SO2 + SO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrofluoric acid (HF) as well as heavy metals, dioxins and furans. So it needs to undergo pre-treatment process.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Bioprocess Engineering.
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