This set of Bioprocess Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Products of Animal Cell Cultures”.
1. Prophylactic is also an antibiotic.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: A preventive measure. The word comes from the Greek for “an advance guard”, an apt term for a measure taken to fend off a disease or another unwanted consequence. A prophylactic is a medication or a treatment designed and used to prevent a disease from occurring. For example, prophylactic antibiotics may be used after a bout of rheumatic fever to prevent the subsequent development of Sydenham’s chorea. A prophylactic is also a drug or device, particularly a condom, for preventing pregnancy.
2. Hybridoma cells have an application to produce:
a) Antigens
b) Antibodies
c) Cancer cells
d) Cell lines
View Answer
Explanation: Hybridoma cells are obtained by fusing lymphocytes (normal blood cells that make antibodies) with myeloma (cancer) cells. Lymphocytes producing antibodies grow slowly and are mortal. After fusion with myeloma cells, hybridomas become immortal, can reproduce indefinitely, and produce antibodies. Using hybridoma cells, highly specific, monoclonal (originating from one cell) antibodies can be produced against specific antigens.
3. Monoclonal antibodies are also used for chromatographic separations.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: MAb’s are also used for chromatographic separations to purify protein molecules. Purification of interferon by affinity chromatography is an example of the use of MAb’s for protein purification purposes.
4. Monoclonal antibodies are referred as ___________
a) Magic bullets
b) Magic gun
c) Magic shots
d) Magic bomb
View Answer
Explanation: In the early 1900s, German Nobel Laureate Paul Ehrlich imagined an ideal therapy for disease, a drug precisely targeted to an invader, which if linked to a toxic chemical would act like a missile, carrying a destructive payload directly to the disease. Ehrlich said the drug would be a ‘Magische Kugel’, which in English means ‘Magic Bullet’. Such a therapy, he theorized, would be ideal for countless diseases, including cancer.
5. Antibody fragments lack fc domain.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: There are a range of applications in which Fc mediated effects are not required and are even undesirable. A common solution for applications where the antibody is only being used to block a signalling molecule or receptor is the use of antibody fragments that lack the Fc domain. This also helps to reduce the other main failure of therapeutic antibodies, namely the lack of delivery, which is especially true for anti-cancer antibodies.
6. Antibody fragments are advantageous than Monoclonal antibodies.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The large size of MAb’s has limited their ability to penetrate some tumors. Antibody fragments can be used instead; these products can be made in nonmammalian cells. The use of smaller fragments enables deeper penetration with the affinity of the antibody also being critical and if it is too high this will restrict its ability to penetrate a tumour.
7. Interferon is a virus.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Interferon (an anticancer glycoprotein secreted by animal cells upon exposure to cancer causing agents) is an example of an immunoregulator produced by mammalian cells. Interferon can be produced by either animal cells or recombinant (genetically engineered) bacteria.
8. Lymphokines are produced both by T-cell and B-cell.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Lymphokines are a subset of cytokines that are produced by a type of immune cell known as a lymphocyte. They are protein mediators typically produced by T cells to direct the immune system response by signaling between its cells. Lymphokines aid B cells to produce antibodies.
9. Thymosins are:
a) Small proteins
b) Medium proteins
c) Large proteins
d) Globular proteins
View Answer
Explanation: Thymosins are small proteins present in many animal tissues. They are named thymosins because they were originally isolated from the thymus, but most are now known to be present in many other tissues. Thymosins have diverse biological activities, and two in particular, thymosins α1 and β4, have potentially important uses in medicine, some of which have already progressed from the laboratory to the clinic. In relation to diseases, thymosins have been categorized as biological response modifiers.
10. Subunit vaccines from Virus contain viral DNA.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: A vaccine which, through chemical extraction, is free from viral nucleic acid and contains only specific protein subunits of a given virus; such vaccines are relatively free of the adverse reactions (for example, influenza virus) associated with vaccines containing the whole virion.
11. The poor antigen in a conjugate vaccine is:
a) Strong protein
b) Weak protein
c) A Polysaccharide
d) Non-polysaccharide
View Answer
Explanation: A conjugate vaccine is created by covalently attaching a poor antigen to a strong antigen thereby eliciting a stronger immunological response to the poor antigen. Most commonly, the poor antigen is a polysaccharide that is attached to strong protein antigen.
12. Eicosanoids is a type of ________________
a) Hormone
b) Antibiotic
c) Vaccine
d) Antigen
View Answer
Explanation: Eicosanoids are lipid hormones – hormones made from lipids, kinds of fats.
13. Amines is a type of hormone.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: There are two major chemical classes of hormones, peptides (proteins) and steroid hormones. Protein based hormones can be divided into three categories: proteins, peptides and amines.
14. Baculovirus infects insect cell lines and are also pathogenic to humans.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The baculovirus that infects insect cells is an ideal vector for genetic engineering, because it is nonpathogenic to humans and has a very strong promoter that encodes for a protein that is not essential for virus production in cell culture. The insertion of a gene under the control of this promoter can lead to high expression levels (40% of the total protein as the target protein).
15. What do you mean by glycosylation?
a) Addition of sugar
b) Non-addition of sugar
c) Lysis of sugar moieties
d) Blockage of sugar molecules
View Answer
Explanation: Glycosylation is a critical function of the biosynthetic-secretory pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Approximately half of all proteins typically expressed in a cell undergo this modification, which entails the covalent addition of sugar moieties to specific amino acids.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Bioprocess Engineering.
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