This set of Immunology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Vaccines Types”.
1. Which was the first vaccine developed?
a) Smallpox vaccine
b) MMR vaccine
c) Polio vaccine
d) Rabies vaccine
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Explanation: The first vaccine was developed by Edward Jenner (in 1769) against the smallpox disease. This vaccine is named as Smallpox vaccine as it inhibits the action of smallpox disease. It is made from virus called vaccinia. Vaccinia is a poxvirus but is less harmful than smallpox. The smallpox contains live strains of vaccinia virus. This vaccine helps people develop their immunity against smallpox.
2. Which of the following is NOT a type/category of vaccine?
a) Live attenuated vaccines
b) Killer vaccines
c) Inactivated vaccines
d) Toxoid vaccines
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Explanation: Vaccines are categorised in 4 special groups which are as follows: 1) Live attenuated vaccines (which use an attenuated form of the germ that causes disease), 2) Inactivated vaccines (which use killed version of the germ that cause disease), 3) Conjugate vaccines (which use specific species of the germ causing disease) and 4) Toxoid vaccines (which use a toxin produced by the germ that causes diseases).
3. Inactivated vaccines are used to protect against which of the following disease?
a) Hepatitis B
b) Shingles
c) Hepatitis A
d) Tetanus
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Explanation: Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of the germ that causes a disease. These vaccines usually do not provide immunity or protection that is as strong as live attenuated vaccines. Hepatitis A is one of the diseases cured due to inactivated vaccines. Hepatitis A is a serious disease that used to be more common in the United States.
4. Pneumococcal disease is cured by which type of vaccine?
a) Live attenuated vaccine
b) Toxoid vaccine
c) Recombinant conjugate vaccine
d) Inactivated vaccine
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Explanation: Pneumococcal disease is very common in children in United States. It can even affect adults and can get serious by time if not treated well. It is a contagious disease which can lead to number of health problems in people depending upon their strength and immunity. It can cause serious infections in lungs, brain or even spinal cord. As a result, recombinant, polysaccharide, conjugate vaccines are used to act against this disease. This vaccine uses specific pieces of germ (specifically its protein, sugar or capsid) that causes disease.
5. Which of the following is NOT a vaccine used to treat Diphtheria?
a) DTaP vaccine
b) Tdap vaccine
c) Td vaccine
d) Hib vaccine
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Explanation: Diphtheria is a common disease that causes illness as well as death (in serious cases). It can lead to health problems like paralysis, pneumonia and lung failure. To fight against this disease, Toxoid vaccines like DTaP vaccine, Tdap vaccine, Td vaccine as well as DT vaccine is used. These four vaccines are used according to the age of the patient suffering from Diphtheria as every vaccine has different dosage compositions. On the other hand, Hib vaccine is used to treat patients having Haemophilus Influenza type B.
6. MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine is which type of vaccine?
a) Live attenuated vaccine
b) Toxoid vaccine
c) Conjugate vaccine
d) Inactivated vaccine
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Explanation: Live attenuated vaccines are the type of vaccines which use the virus/bacteria or pathogen itself to treat the patient. These vaccines are made by slightly weakening the pathogen which causes the particular type of infection or disease. By using such type of vaccines, they help the immune system to become strong enough in order to respond to the pathogen and attack the infected cells. MMR is a type of live attenuated vaccine used for the same cause and they force the immune system to respond strongly.
7. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of yellow fever?
a) Inflammation of lining of brain and spinal cord
b) Jaundice
c) Bleeding from different parts of the body
d) Liver, kidney or lung failure
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Explanation: Yellow fever is a most common fever and generally occurs in Africa and south America. Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitos of species Aedes and Haemogogus. The most serious symptoms seen are Jaundice, bleeding from different body parts as well as major organ failure. Yellow fever can be treated by live attenuated vaccine.
8. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccine is effective and prevents shingles.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine is effective which is true but it does not prevent shingles. This vaccine works in preventing cancer as HPV causes cancerous infections in humans. If HPV is not treated under professional medications, patient can be affected by cervical cancer (and other genital cancer) or throat cancer. HPV vaccine is used to treat HPV infections in order to prevent cancer.
9. Which of the following vaccines are used to treat Meningococcal disease?
a) MenACWY and PCV13
b) MenB and PPSV23
c) MenACWY and MenB vaccines
d) PCV13 and PPSV23
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Explanation: Meningococcal disease is very rare and usually occurs in teens and young adults. It also affects the people who are unhealthy or have a weak immune system. It can cause serious infections in brain and spleen and even infect the blood in some serious cases. Getting vaccinated against this disease is the only escape from this disease. 2 most important vaccines are used to treat Meningococcal disease. They are: 1) MenACWY vaccine which is used for teenagers and children having weak immunity and are certainly unhealthy. 2) MenB vaccine is used for people who are of 10 years and older or have strains of serogroup B meningococcal disease.
10. Tetanus is treated by which of the following type of vaccine?
a) Toxoid vaccine
b) Live attenuated vaccine
c) Inactivated vaccine
d) Conjugate vaccine
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Explanation: Tetanus is rare but a very serious condition. People suffering from tetanus have problems in breathing and painful muscle spasms. If not treated on time, it can lead to paralysis. Tetanus is treated by toxoid vaccines. 4 major types of vaccine can be used depending on the age of the patient. They are as follows: DTaP and DT (for young children) & Tdap and Td (for teens and adults). These vaccines are used to treat Diphtheria as well.
11. Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide and conjugate vaccine is which type of vaccine?
a) Biochemical vaccine
b) Biosynthetic vaccine
c) Natural vaccine
d) Biophysical vaccine
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Explanation: Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide and conjugate vaccine is one of the categories of vaccine used to treat several diseases by using specific content of the germ like its proteins, capsid or sugar which causes disease. This vaccine is known as a biosynthetic vaccine. This is because biosynthetic vaccines contain man-made substances that are similar to pieces of the germ. This vaccine shows a very strong effect on the immune response.
12. Which vaccine is released by press to show effects on COVID-19?
a) Moderna
b) AstraZeneca
c) Pfizer
d) COVAX
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Explanation: As of now, 3 vaccines have been released by WHO namely Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca. The clinical trials on all three are yet in process. However, AstraZeneca has shown positive results in the first trial. There are many more vaccines that are being planned for development against COVID-19. On the other hand, clinical trial of Moderna haven’t showed great result whereas Pfizer will be up for trials by end of December, 2020.
13. Which two vaccines that are used against Diphtheria/Tetanus are used to treat whooping cough?
a) DTaP and Tdap
b) DTaP and Td
c) Tdap and Td
d) Td and DT
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Explanation: Whooping cough spreads very easily from person to person. This is a very common infection and can be caused at any age of life. However, if it occurs severely in newborn babies, it can be fatal or can result in lung infections. 2 majorly used vaccines for treating whooping cough are DTaP and Tdap vaccine.
14. Who needs to get the flu vaccine?
a) Older people
b) Young children
c) Teenagers only
d) Everyone of age 6 months and older
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Explanation: Flu is a very common infection as every year there are millions of cases of flu. Everyone needs to be vaccinated by flu so that immune system remains strong and can fight against flu whenever it enters the body. The flu vaccine is a type of inactivated vaccine. It is very important for everyone to get flu vaccine every year as the flu viruses is constantly changing hence after the tests are done, the vaccine is also updated accordingly to provide the best protection against flu.
15. Which of the following is NOT the side effect of Rotavirus?
a) Fussing
b) Diarrhoea
c) Vomiting
d) Blood clotting
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Explanation: Rotavirus is a contagious disease and it can spread easily. It mostly affects babies and young children. Rotavirus vaccine protects 90% of the children but there are those 10% of children who get severe side effects like fussing, diarrhoea, vomit sensations as well as dehydration. Blood clotting does not occur due to any type of vaccination only if it is injected in a professional way and is done under supervision.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Immunology.
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