This set of Immunology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Immune Cell Behavior in Peripheral Tissues”.
1. Which of the following cells are said to be the gatekeepers of immune responses?
a) Dendritic cells
b) B cells
c) T cells
d) Th1 cells
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Explanation: Dendritic cells (DC) are obtained from blood-borne precursors that are associated with most of the peripheral tissues. These cells are known to be the gatekeepers of the immune response. This is because they keep a hold on unique potentials for acquirement of antigens at low exposure levels. They also supply presentations of the antigens from the naïve T cell in order to respond to immunogenic effect.
2. What is the term used for dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system?
a) Neurogenerative disorder
b) Neurodegenerative disease
c) Neuron dysfunction
d) Neuro immunosenescence disorder
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Explanation: Neurodegenerative disease is the progressive dysfunction and loss of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Their actual mechanisms and progressive nature are still unknown. To date, aging and immunity are closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
3. Dendritic cells (DCs) are classified into which two subsets?
a) cDCs and aDCs
b) cDCs and pDCs
c) cDCs and dDCs
d) dDCs and fDCs
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Explanation: DCs can be classified into two main subsets: cDCs and pDCs. As pDCs do not present antigen as effectively as cDCs. cDCs can be classified further according to their location. DCs that reside in the blood and lymphoid organs are termed blood DCs, whereas DCs that reside in the peripheral tissues, such as the skin, mucosa, and solid organs, are termed tissue DCs.
4. Which of the following is the largest white blood cell in peripheral blood?
a) NK cells
b) Monocytes
c) Eosinophils
d) Basophils
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Explanation: Monocyte is the largest type of white blood cell in the peripheral blood. Monocytes further differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells. Monocyte triggers innate immune responses by regulating Toll-like receptors (TLRs), scavenger receptors, phagocytosis and complement-mediated responses.
5. Which of the following is NOT a peripheral tissue?
a) Skin
b) Gut
c) Lung
d) Bone marrow
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Explanation: A group or layer of similarly specialized cells that together perform certain special functions is known as peripheral tissue. Skin, gut as well as lungs are comprised of peripheral tissues and these are the primary sites for encounter of pathogens. These tissues are very important as they maintain and regulate the local response of immunity.
6. Dendritic cells are the stimulator cell in which type of rejection during transplantation?
a) Autograft rejection
b) Allograft rejection
c) Xenograft rejection
d) Isograft rejection
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Explanation: Direct studies on the functions of Dendritic Cells in diseased human lung and airway tissues are in their infant stages, and the role of these cells in pathogenesis of respiratory tract diseases is widely studied. It is observed that these cells are the principal stimulator cells in allograft rejection and recent findings say that this role of DCs remains consistent with hypothesis.
7. Which peripherally activated cells move into the central nervous system?
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) T and B cells
d) NK cells
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Explanation: The peripherally activated T cells are capable to move into the central nervous system (CNS). These T cells can destroy myelin-producing cells in the CNS and trigger neurodegeneration. The immune system of the central nervous system is also called as neuroimmune system.
8. Dendritic Cells take up the process in peripheral tissue and play an important role in initiating adaptive responses.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Dendritic Cell (DCs) take up, process, and present antigens to T cells and play an important role in initiating adaptive immunity. They also play a vital role in regulating, maintaining as well as controlling B cells and their responses. Dendritic cells have a variety of subsets which are found in different parts of the body. These cells act as an important mediator between adaptive immunity and the immune surroundings.
9. CD11b+CD4+CD8–DCs belong to which type of dendritic cells?
a) Blood DCs
b) Splenic DCs
c) Antigenic DCs
d) Skin DCs
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Explanation: Splenic DCs are also known as blood-derived DCs, as the majority of them differentiates from blood-borne precursors once they enter the spleen. Splenic DCs can be classified into three subsets: CD11b+CD4+CD8–DCs, CD11b–CD4–CD8+ DCs, and CD11b–CD4–CD8– DCs. Splenic DCs are thought to reside at immature state and screen the blood for pathogens.
10. Which type of cells reside in epidermis?
a) dDC subset
b) Blood DCs
c) Langerhans Cells
d) cDCS subset
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Explanation: Langerhans Cells (LCs) reside in the epidermis, whereas dDCs reside in the dermis. LCs are characterized by expression of Langerin (CD207) and epithelial CAM. These cells are responsible for their association and determination with adaptive immune responses.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Immunology.
To practice all areas of Immunology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
