This set of Immunology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Adaptive Immune Cell Behavior”.
1. What is the key feature of Adaptive Immune System?
a) Memory
b) Cell actions
c) Strong response
d) Long term response
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Explanation: One of the most important features of adaptive immune system is memory. Our adaptive immune system saves us from the invading pathogens that cause infections in our body. Once the infection is destructed, the next time if the same pathogen invades in our body, the adaptive immune system immediately responds against this pathogen and kills it due to the system’s last memory.
2. Which type of cells play important role in adaptive immune system?
a) T cells
b) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
c) T and B cells
d) NK cells
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Explanation: The cells of the adaptive immune system are lymphocytes – B cells and T cells. B cells, which are derived from the bone marrow, become the cells that produce antibodies. T cells, which mature in the thymus, differentiate into cells that either participate in lymphocyte maturation, or kill virus-infected cells.
3. Which of the following are two major types of Adaptive Immunity?
a) Cell-mediated immunity and productive immunity
b) Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity
c) Productive immunity and cell-response immunity
d) Cell-response immunity and humoral immunity
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Explanation: Adaptive Immunity is divided into two main categories – 1) Cell-mediated immunity: This immunity is acquired through T cells from a person who is immune to the target disease or infection. This type of immunity is mediated by cytotoxic cells. 2) Humoral immunity: In this type of immunity, the fluids associated with our body consist of antibodies which float freely in the fluids. They eventually bind to antigens as they are free from any boundaries.
4. Which anti-inflammatory cytokine is released from meningeal T lymphocytes for learning and memory process?
a) IL-3
b) IL-4
c) IL-6
d) IL-13
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Explanation: The adaptive immune system has great importance in regulating brain functions of healthy people. IL-4 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine which plays an important role in the brain. It is released from meningeal T lymphocytes associated with the adaptive immune system and it is involved in the regulation of learning and memory processes. Immune cells are crucially involved in regulating progression and outcome of brain disorders.
5. Which of the following cells are considered to be a part of humoral immune system?
a) Mast cells and basophils
b) Mast cells and neutrophils
c) Mast cells and perforins
d) Mast cells and eosinophils
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Explanation: Mast cells and eosinophils are considered to be a part of the humoral immune system because they can be sensitized towards certain antigens through circulating immunoglobin E (IgE) which is a specific type of antibody produced by B cells. IgE binds to the mast cells and eosinophils when an antigen is detected, using a type of Fc receptor on the mast cell or eosinophil that has a high-binding affinity with IgE.
6. What does TBI stand for?
a) Traumatic B cell injury
b) Traumatic Brain Injury
c) Traumatic Brain Immunity
d) Traumatic B cell immunity
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Explanation: Traumatic Brain Injury is caused due to damage in brain due to accidents involving injury of the brain. TBI can be mild to severe permanent brain damage. TBI can induce both components of Adaptive Immunity: cell-mediated (mediated by activated memory effector T lymphocytes or regulatory T cells) as well as humoral immunity (mediated by B lymphocytes that are responsible for the production of antibodies followed by activation by an antigen).
7. Which cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity?
a) Type 1 helper T cells
b) Type 2 helper T cells
c) Mast cells
d) Eosinophils
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Explanation: Cell mediated immunity is controlled by type 1 helper T cells (Th1) and cytotoxic T cells. These cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells, which causes them to rapidly mature into forms specific to that antigen. T cells then circulate through the body to destroy pathogens in several ways. Helper T cells facilitate the immune response by guiding cytotoxic T cells to pathogens or pathogen-infected cells, which they will then destroy.
8. During an adaptive immune response, the antigen for the pathogen is taken up by which type of cells?
a) T cells
b) B cells
c) Antigen presenting cells
d) NK cells
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Explanation: The antigen for the pathogen is taken up by an antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as a dendritic cell or macrophage, through phagocytosis. The APC travels to a part of the body that contains immature T and B cells, such as a lymph node. The antigen is processed by the APC and bound to MHC class II receptors and MHC class I receptors on the cell membrane of the APC.
9. Passive Immunological Memory shows which type of memory?
a) Long-term memory
b) Short-term memory
c) It depends on the type of pathogen that invades
d) It depends on the antigen response
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Explanation: Immunological memory can either be in the form of passive or active. Passive memory is usually short-term, lasting between a few days and several months, and is particularly important for new-born infants, who are given passive memory from maternal antibodies and immune cells before birth.
10. What do the cytotoxic T cells performing cell-mediated immunity release?
a) Perforin
b) Antibodies
c) Granules
d) Eosinophils
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Explanation: Cell mediated immunity is controlled and carried out by cytotoxic T cells. These cytotoxic T cells consist of various cytotoxins like perforin and granzyme. Cytotoxins help in killing the pathogens or foreign particles that enter our body to infect us. They cut the membrane of pathogen to inhibit its killing activity.
11. Humoral immunity is the component of the adaptive immune response that is caused by B cells, antibodies, and type 1 helper T cells (Th1).
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: It is true that Humoral immunity is a component of adaptive immune response and is caused by B cells and antibodies but it is mediated by Type 2 helper T cells (Th2) and NOT type 1 helper T cells (Th1). This type of immunity is also mediated by eosinophils ad mast cells to a lesser extent. Its name comes from the idea that blood is one of the humors of the body, since antibodies provide passive or active immunity through circulation in the bloodstream.
12. What is another term used for adaptive immune system?
a) Specific immune system
b) Memory immune system
c) Responsive immune system
d) Collateral immune system
View Answer
Explanation: Another term for adaptive immune system is specific immune system. This is because this system works with specificity as it protects our body to fight against infections and pathogenic invaders. Adaptive immune system consists of cytotoxic T cells and systemic cells which work to maintain the specificity of this system.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Immunology.
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