This set of Molecular Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Pituitary Hormones”.
1. Which among the following is an example of a discrete hypothalamic regulatory factor that might affect the secretion of pituitary hormones?
a) Growth-hormone (GH) releasing hormone
b) Insulin
c) Glucagon
d) Epinephrine
View Answer
Explanation: At present 10 discrete regulatory factors have been described that may affect the synthesis as well as secretion of specific pituitary hormone. Growth-hormone (GH) releasing hormone is an example of one such hormone.
2. The growth hormone somatotropin was firstly isolated and extracted from which animal?
a) Dog
b) Cattle
c) Mouse
d) Cat
View Answer
Explanation: Growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin (STH) was first isolated from cattle in adequate amounts. Now it has been prepared from many animals, including man, in crystalline form. Growth hormone makes children grow taller and helps muscle growth in adults and children. It is used to treat several conditions where there is low levels of growth hormones, failure of growth, and short stature.
3. How many amino acids are present in the growth hormone somatotropin?
a) 150
b) 193
c) 191
d) 190
View Answer
Explanation: The growth hormone somatotropin is a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of roughly 21500. This pituitary hormone is made up of 191 amino acids. Specific amino acids such as arginine, lysine and ornithine, when injected intravenously or administered orally, can induce the release of growth hormone (GH).
4. Which hormone produced from the pituitary gland helps in the activity of human prolactin and human placental lactogen?
a) FSH
b) LH
c) TSH
d) GH
View Answer
Explanation: Due to amino acid sequence similarity, GH Somatotropin may bring on some of the actions of prolactin and human placental lactogen (HPL). Two disulfide bridges lie between the hormone’s neighboring cysteine residues.
5. Growth hormone antagonizes the effect of insulin hormone.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Growth hormone is a diabetogenic hormone, antagonizing the effect of insulin hormone. GH hypersecretion can lead to hyperglycemia, low tolerance of sugar, and glycosuria. In fact, one of the sets of counter-regulatory hormones released in response to low blood sugar is the body’s native growth hormone, and many children treated with GH develop diabetes.
6. How do growth hormone carry out lipolysis?
a) By activating leptin
b) By activating triacylglycerol lipase
c) By activating adiponectin
d) By activating adipokines
View Answer
Explanation: Growth hormone aids in lipolysis by mobilizing fatty acids from adipose tissue which results from the stimulation of the hormone-sensitive triacylglycerol lipase. It thus increases the free fatty acids in the blood.
7. Growth hormone helps in sustaining a positive equilibrium of nitrogen by retaining nitrogen level in the blood.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: By retaining nitrogen, growth hormone is the one that brings in a favorable equilibrium of nitrogen. It is also likely to promote total protein synthesis with associated phosphorus retention by increasing tubular reabsorption.
8. What is the name of the disease caused by the hyposecretion of growth hormone in adults?
a) Rickets
b) Down’s syndrome
c) Osteoporosis
d) Acromegaly
View Answer
Explanation: The disorder observed in adults due to hyposecretion of GH is known as acromegaly. Due to premature prevention of development of the cartilage and the long bones it also causes 7stunted stature in those adults.
9. Which hormone is secreted by lactotroph alpha cells of anterior pituitary?
a) Prolactin
b) Leptin
c) Collagen
d) Oxytocin
View Answer
Explanation: Prolactin is a basic monomeric protein. It is secreted by anterior pituitary lactotrophic alpha-cells. In this hormone there are 199 amino acids with three di sulphide linkages. Prolactin causes breasts to grow and develop and, after a baby is born, it leads to milk production.
10. Which pituitary hormone helps to stimulate mammary gland growth and the secretion of milk?
a) Oxytocin
b) Prolactin
c) Vasopressin
d) TSH
View Answer
Explanation: Stimulating mammary development and the secretion of milk is the key purpose of PRL which is also known as Prolactin. It stimulates mRNA synthesis by acting on the plasma membrane of mammary gland cells via specific glycoprotein receptors. This eventually results in breast enlargement during pregnancy.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Molecular Endocrinology.
To practice all areas of Molecular Endocrinology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
If you find a mistake in question / option / answer, kindly take a screenshot and email to [email protected]
