This set of Molecular Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Endocrinology of Aging”.
1. Which condition is characterized by a decrease in testicular Leydig cell numbers and their secretory capacity?
a) Andropause
b) Clovindropause
c) Popovich’s syndrome
d) Klein’s syndrome
View Answer
Explanation: Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis function are slower and more subtle in males. A steady decrease in serum total and free testosterone levels occurs during ageing. Andropause is defined by a decrease in the number of Leydig testicular cells and their secretory ability, and by a decrease in episodic and enhanced gonadotropin secretion associated with age.
2. What is the level of thyroid hormones in aged women?
a) Low thyrotropin and low thyroxine
b) Low thyroxine and high thyrotropin
c) High thyroxine and low thyrotropin
d) High thyroxine and high thyrotropin
View Answer
Explanation: Thyroid issues linked to age is widespread. In 5 percent to 10 percent of elderly women, lowered plasma thyroxine (T4) and increased thyrotropin levels occur. These anomalies are mainly caused by autoimmunity and are not a result of the ageing process but an expression of age-associated disease.
3. Which among the following age-related syndrome is characterized by gradual decline in circulating levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS)?
a) Andropause
b) Leptopause
c) Adrenopause
d) Thyropause
View Answer
Explanation: Adrenopause, a concept that describes the steady decrease in circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate levels, is the second demonstration of age-related changes in the hormonal system. DHEA’s adrenal secretion steadily declines over time, while corticotropin secretion remains relatively unchanged, and is physiologically related to plasma cortisol levels.
4. The pancreas and the thyroid gland are the two most significant glands that have clinical changes in endocrine function during ageing.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The pancreas and the thyroid gland include the two most noticeable clinical changes in endocrine activity during ageing. Around 40 percent of people between the ages of 65 and 74 and 50 percent of those older than 80 have decreased glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus, and the condition is undiagnosed in nearly 50 percent of elderly adults with diabetes.
5. Changes in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in men are slower and more subtle.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Changes in hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis function are slower and more subtle in males. A steady decrease in serum total and free testosterone levels occurs during ageing. Andropause is one such condition occurring only in men during ageing.
6. What is the primary factor that leads to menopause in women?
a) Loss of endometrium
b) Loss of ovarian follicle function
c) Damage to the uterine follicles
d) Defective Ovulation
View Answer
Explanation: The irreversible cessation of menstruation that results from the loss of follicular ovarian function is menopause. After 12 months of amenorrhea, it is diagnosed retrospectively. Vasomotor responses, depressed mood, and urogenital symptoms in most women follow this time of reduction in estrogen.
7. Which among the following has variable antiestrogenic and estrogenic actions in different tissues?
a) Tamoxifen
b) Proxivan
c) Ebufenac
d) Diclofenac
View Answer
Explanation: It has been found that tamoxifen has variable antiestrogenic and estrogenic activities in various tissues in the search for optimum HT (Hormone Therapy) during menopause. Tamoxifen, which blocks the effects of estrogen in the breast tissue, is the oldest of the hormonal therapies.
8. Which among the following HT can reduce osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?
a) Toxivan
b) Dimethicone
c) Pexolene
d) Raloxifene
View Answer
Explanation: The effectiveness and protection of raloxifene for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women was demonstrated in a study in a group of postmenopausal, non-osteoporotic women treated with raloxifene for 2 years that observed a 2.5 percent improvement in bone mineral density in the lumbar spine and hip. Subsequently, a substantial reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture due to raloxifene was demonstrated.
9. Which among the following is a compound that regulates estrogen activity selectively in different tissues?
a) Tibolone
b) Probilone
c) Espilonker
d) Probilone
View Answer
Explanation: Tibolone is a compound that, in various tissues selectively regulates the activity of estrogen. It is highly effective in treating climate-related symptoms and preventing bone loss. In many countries, but not in the United States, the compound is approved.
10. What is the male counterpart of HT in postmenopausal women?
a) Testosterone replacement
b) Androgen Replacement
c) LH Replacement
d) FSH Replacement
View Answer
Explanation: The male equivalent of HT in postmenopausal women is androgen substitution in older men, although it varies greatly in that there is a lack of a specific androgen deficiency syndrome. The biochemical proof of androgen deficiency is found on the basis of a variety of suggestive clinical features gathered from the history, symptoms, or indications of an elderly man.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Molecular Endocrinology.
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