This set of Molecular Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Adrenal Steroid Hormones”.
1. How many steroids are isolated from adrenal cortex?
a) 50
b) 55
c) 30
d) 35
View Answer
Explanation: About 50 steroids from the adrenal cortex have been isolated. But only 7 (seven) of them are essential and are known to have physiological activity. A steroid is a biologically active organic compound arranged in a particular molecular structure with four rings.
2. What is the name of the steroid nucleus present in Adrenal steroid hormones?
a) Chelate nucleus
b) Cyclo-pentano perhydro phenanthrene
c) Cyclo-hexano perhydro phenanthrene
d) Cyclo-butano perhydro phenanthrene
View Answer
Explanation: All adrenal steroid hormones are obtained from cholesterol that can be synthesized from active acetate. “Cyclo-pentano perhydro phenanthrene” nucleus is the name of the steroid nucleus present in them.
3. Which among the following is the major free circulating hormone in the human plasma?
a) Aldosterone
b) Cortisone
c) Cortisol
d) Corticosterone
View Answer
Explanation: Cortisol is otherwise known as 17-OH corticosterone or Compound F. It is the main adrenocortical free-circulating hormone (gluco-corticoid) in human plasma. Cortisol is a steroid hormone that controls a broad range of body-wide processes, including metabolism and immune response.
4. A hydroxyl group at C-21 promotes sodium retention.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Certain structural characteristics have a significant impact on the biological functions of C-21 steroid hormones. At C-21, a hydroxyl group improves sodium retention and is necessary for action in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
5. An acetaldehyde group at C-18 is necessary for mineralocorticoid activity of steroid hormones.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Mineralocorticoid hormones helps in the mineral metabolism. Some structural features have a great importance in their activity. An acetaldehyde group at C-18 has a major role to play in the mineralocorticoid activity of steroid hormones.
6. Which are the two structural type of adrenocortical hormones?
a) C-21 and C-13 steroids
b) C-21 and C-19 steroids
c) C-13 and C-14 steroids
d) C-14 and C-19 steroids
View Answer
Explanation: There are primarily two structural forms of adrenocortical hormones. They are C-21 steroids and C-19 steroids. This classification is based on the structural differences. Adrenocortical hormones are steroid molecules that the adrenal cortex develops and releases.
7. Which hormones are otherwise known as 17-oxosteroids or 17-ketosteroids?
a) C-19 steroids
b) C-17 steroids
c) C-16 steroids
d) C-21 steroids
View Answer
Explanation: At position17, C-19 steroids have oxygen atom or hydroxyl group and contain 19 carbon atoms. Many C-19 steroids at position 17 have a 0 group and are thus referred to as “17-oxosteroids” (17-ketosteroids).
8. Which hormones are otherwise known as 17-OH corticoids?
a) C-17 steroids
b) C-16 steroids
c) C-19 steroids
d) C-21 steroids
View Answer
Explanation: In addition to the side chain, the C-21 steroids, which have a-OH group at position17, are often referred to as ’17-OH corticoids’ or ’17-OH-corticosteroids’. At position 17 of the ‘D’ ring, C-21 steroids have a two-carbon side chain and contain 21 carbon atoms in total.
9. What are the three types of steroids based on Seyle’s terminology?
a) Glucocorticoids, Mineralo-corticoids and Cortical sex hormones
b) Glucocorticoids, Mineralo-corticoids and Cholesterol
c) Glucocorticoids, Iodino-corticoids and Cortical Sex hormones
d) Glucocorticoids, Mineralo-corticoids and Iodino-corticoids
View Answer
Explanation: Steroids are classified into three types according to function, as per Seyle’s terminology. They are Glucocorticoids, Mineralo-corticoids and Cortical sex hormones. Steroids, along with lipoproteins, are part of the non-glyceride lipid group.
10. Cortisol is an example of which steroid hormone?
a) Mineralo-corticoids
b) Glucocorticoids
c) Cortical sex hormones
d) Thyroid Hormones
View Answer
Explanation: Cortisol is an example of glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids, mainly affect metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. They have minor effects on electrolytes and water metabolism. A type of corticosteroid hormone that is very effective in reducing inflammation and suppressing the immune system is glucocorticoids.
11. Which steroid hormones affect the reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium in the blood?
a) Mineralo-corticoids
b) Glucocorticoids
c) Cortical sex hormones
d) Thyroid Hormones
View Answer
Explanation: Mineralo-corticoids are those that mainly influence the reabsorption of Sodium and potassium excretion (Mineral Metabolism) and tissue water distribution. The chief mineralocorticoid hormone is aldosterone.
12. Which among the following is an example of Mineralo-corticoids?
a) 11-deoxycortisol
b) Cortisol
c) Corticosterone
d) Androgens
View Answer
Explanation: 11-deoxycortisol is an example of Mineralo-corticoids. Cortisol and Corticosterone are glucocorticoids. Androgens are hormones belonging to the family of cortical sex hormones. A class of corticosteroids, which in turn are a class of steroid hormones, are mineralocorticoids.
13. Which among the following is the correct structure of C-21 steroids?
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer
Explanation: The C21 adrenocortical hormones have some special structural features. At C4 and C5 they have a double bond and at C3 and C20 they have a ketonic group. Glucocorticoids such as cortisol and mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone are included in the C21 class.
14. What is the relevance of the presence of keto group or hydroxyl group at C-11 of steroid hormones?
a) Decreases sodium retention
b) Increases sodium retention
c) Increases potassium retention
d) Decreases potassium retention
View Answer
Explanation: For carbohydrate activity, the presence of ‘O ‘either as-OH group or as=O group, i.e., hydroxyl or ketonic group of C11 is necessary. This structural characteristic also has a significant role in reducing the preservation of sodium.
15. What is the relevance of the presence of hydroxyl group at C-17 of steroid hormones?
a) Blocks carbohydrate activity
b) Decreases carbohydrate activity
c) Increases carbohydrate activity
d) Increases sodium retention
View Answer
Explanation: Structural characteristics play a major role in the activity of steroid hormones. The presence of hydroxyl group at C-17 increases the carbohydrate activity of these hormones. The steroid is said to have a cholestane structure if the two methyl groups and eight carbon side chains (at C-17, as seen for cholesterol) are present.
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