This set of Molecular Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Mammalian Metabolism Integration”.
1. Which cells in the liver helps in the conversion of dietary nutrient into fuels?
a) Hepatocytes
b) Kupffer cells
c) Melanocytes
d) Monocytes
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Explanation: Hepatocytes convert dietary nutrients into the fuels that other tissues require and export them through the blood. There are many differences in the kinds and quantities of nutrients provided to the liver and the time between the meals. All these have an effect on the conversion of dietary nutrients in the liver.
2. Which among the following is the glucose transporter of hepatocytes?
a) GLUT 1
b) GLUT 2
c) GLUT 3
d) GLUT 4
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Explanation: The hepatocyte glucose transporter is GLUT2. It is so efficient that the glucose content in a hepatocyte is exactly the same as that in the blood. Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2) also known as solute carrier family 2, is a transmembrane carrier protein that allows the facilitated glucose transport of protein through the cell membranes.
3. What are the two distinct types of adipose tissues for storage and supply of fatty acids?
a) White and black
b) White and grey
c) White and brown
d) Brown and grey
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Explanation: White adipose tissue (WAT) in the body is amorphous and widely distributed. It is found under the skin, around the deep vessels and in the abdominal cavity. A major part of the adipose tissue in vertebrates and hibernating mammals is the brown adipose tissue (BAT).
4. Which process can stimulate the hormone (epinephrine) sensitive lipases in the adipose tissues?
a) Dephosphorylation
b) Methylation
c) Acetylation
d) Phosphorylation
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Explanation: Phosphorylation is the addition of phosphate group to a molecule. Phosphorylation can also activate hormone sensitive lipases, although this is not the primary cause of increased lipolysis. Insulin in turn balances this epinephrine influence reducing the lipase activity.
5. Glycerol produced by hormone-sensitive lipases in the adipose tissues cannot be reutilized.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: In adipose tissue, glycerol liberated by hormone-sensitive lipases cannot be reused in the synthesis of TAGs (Triacylglycerols), since adipocytes lack the enzyme glycerol kinase. Instead, through glyceroneogenesis, the glycerol phosphate necessary for TAG synthesis is made from pyruvate, which includes cytosolic PEP carboxykinase as the enzyme.
6. Which gene is strongly expressed by brown adipose tissue that determines its unique feature?
a) SMC 1
b) UNC 1
c) UNC 3
d) UNC 2
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Explanation: The high expression of the gene UNC1, which codes for thermogenin, the mitochondrial uncoupling enzyme, is a special characteristic in brown adipocytes. The operation of thermogenin is responsible for the main BAT role, which is thermogenesis.
7. Circulatory system resembles which system in the body in its role as a hormonal signal carrier?
a) Skeletal system
b) Articular system
c) Nervous system
d) Digestive system
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Explanation: Hormonal signals from one organ to another are often carried by blood. The circulatory system resembles the nervous system in its function as a signal carrier. Both of them regulate and incorporate the operations of multiple organs.
8. Which hormones are overproduced in the humans with pheochromocytoma (tumors of the adrenal gland)?
a) Insulin and glucagon
b) Oxytocin and Vasopressin
c) Melatonin and Serotonin
d) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
View Answer
Explanation: Epinephrine and norepinephrine are overproduced by patients with pheochromocytoma (tumors of the adrenal gland). One consequence of this is the division of preadipocytes, approximately clustered as in newborns, into distinct regions of BAT (Brown Adipose Tissues).
9. Adipose tissue plays an important role as an endocrine organ.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Adipose tissue plays an important role as an endocrine organ in addition to its role as a fuel depot. It generates and release hormones that signal the status of energy reserves and coordinate the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Molecular Endocrinology.
To practice all areas of Molecular Endocrinology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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