This set of Molecular Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Developmental and Genetic Causes of Pituitary Failure”.
1. Which among the following can result in pituitary deficits within 48 to 96 months?
a) Stereotactic radiosurgery
b) Immunotherapy
c) Genetic modifications
d) Cryosurgery
View Answer
Explanation: In 23 percent of patients, stereotactic radiosurgery directed to the pituitary gland often results in pituitary deficits within 48 to 96 months. Patients previously irradiated should be subjected to lifelong periodic anterior pituitary hormone testing.
2. What is the effect of subsequent infarction of a pituitary adenoma or a surgical or radiation-induced damage to the sellar diaphragm in empty sella syndrome?
a) Breakage of primary empty sella
b) Development of secondary empty sella
c) Development of retinal disorder
d) Development of complete empty sella
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Explanation: After infarction of the pituitary adenoma or as a result of surgical or radiation-induced damage to the sellar, a secondary empty sella may develop. In MRI, these patients usually have demonstrable compressed pituitary tissue with lateral stalk deviation compressed against the sellar floor.
3. Why do patients with pituitary failure, have been found to have excess mortality?
a) Neuroendocrine disorder
b) Digestive disorder
c) Respiratory and Vascular disease
d) Tissue damage
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Explanation: Patients with pituitary failure, irrespective of course, have been found to have excess mortality primarily due to respiratory and vascular disease. The sudden failure of the pituitary gland is known as pituitary gland failure or apoplexy.
4. Pituitary irradiation, directly causes atrophy of the gland.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Pituitary irradiation, in addition to the harmful impact of irradiation on the hypothalamic development of hypophysiotropic hormones, directly causes atrophy of the gland. In pituitary adenoma treatment, this is usually mentioned.
5. Many patients with hypopituitarism are also present with secondary hyperprolactinemia.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: PRL should be assessed, as secondary hyperprolactinemia is also present in many patients with hypopituitarism. Pituitary reserve function is impaired by up to two-thirds of patients having pituitary macroadenomas, craniopharyngiomas, or other parasitic lesions.
6. Which among the following is an example for the determinant of increased mortality in pituitary failure?
a) AIDS
b) History of craniopharyngioma
c) Renal failure
d) Retinal failure
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Explanation: The most striking determinants of increased mortality were age at diagnosis, female gender, and the history of craniopharyngioma. Several factors depend on the spectrum of clinical features of pituitary insufficiency.
7. Which among the following is an example for the determinant of clinical spectrum of acquired pituitary insufficiency?
a) Number of impaired hormones
b) Severity of thyroid
c) Water disturbances
d) Severity of gonadal hormone
View Answer
Explanation: Many factors depend on the range of clinical features of pituitary insufficiency. The clinical spectrum of acquired pituitary insufficiency depends on the degree of hormone deficiency, the number of defective hormones, and the rapidity of onset.
8. Which among the following is an example for the determinant of clinical spectrum in congenital pituitary insufficiency?
a) Number of impaired hormones
b) The degree of hormone deficiency
c) Rapidity of onset
d) Water disturbances
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Explanation: The earlier the age of onset, the greater the severity of thyroid, gonadal, adrenal, growth, or water disturbances in congenital forms. The most severe phenotypic changes are invariably found in patients with heritable genetic disorders, although later changes may also occur in these disorders.
9. Which among the following cell is hyper functional as a result of decreased tonic inhibitory signals?
a) Lactotroph cells
b) Sertoli cells
c) Leydig cells
d) Follicular cells
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Explanation: The resilience to compressive, inflammatory, vascular, radiation, and intrusive insults of individual pituitary cell lineages often differs. As a consequence of reduced tonic inhibitory signals, the lactotroph cell is always hyper functional.
10. Which is the correct order of diminished trophic hormone reserve function related to pituitary compression?
a) GH > FSH > LH > ACTH > TSH
b) GH > FSH > LH > TSH > ACTH
c) FSH > TH > LH > TSH > ACTH
d) GH > FSH > TSH > LH > ACTH
View Answer
Explanation: The order of pituitary compression-related diminished trophic hormone reserve function is generally as follows: GH > FSH > LH > TSH > ACTH. The corticotroph cell tends to be particularly immune to the destruction of the hypothalamic or pituitary and is typically the last cell to lose function.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Molecular Endocrinology.
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