Here are 1000 MCQs on Molecular Endocrinology (Chapterwise).
1. What is the primary function of hormones in molecular endocrinology?
a) Provide structural support to cells
b) Enhance immune system function
c) Facilitate cellular respiration
d) Regulate gene expression and cell signaling
View Answer
Explanation: Hormones play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and cellular signaling. They act as signaling molecules that bind to specific receptors on target cells, initiating cellular responses and influencing gene transcription.
2. Which hormone is associated with the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms?
a) Thyroxine
b) Estrogen
c) Melatonin
d) Cortisol
View Answer
Explanation: Melatonin, produced by the pineal gland, plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms.
3. What is the function of Sulfonylureas drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes?
a) Stimulating the insulin secretion by pancreas
b) Increasing the glucose uptake by muscle
c) Stimulating the expression of genes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus
d) Repairing the pancreas
View Answer
Explanation: Sulfonylureas include drugs like glipizide (Glucotrol), glyburide, and glimepiride (Amaryl), etc. They directly target the pancreatic beta cells and stimulate the insulin secretion by pancreas.
4. What is the name of the hormone injected by millions of people with diabetes mellitus?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Oxytocin
d) Vasopressin
View Answer
Explanation: Insulin is the hormone used by diabetes patients. To compensate for the lack of development of this essential hormone from their own pancreatic cells, millions of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus inject themselves with pure insulin daily. Insulin injection is not a solution for diabetes, but it facilitates healthy and prosperous lives for persons who may otherwise have died early.
5. What is the name of one of the precursor molecules of iodine in thyroglobulin protein?
a) Micro globulin
b) Thyronine
c) Macroglobulin
d) Mono-iodotyrosine (MIT)
View Answer
Explanation: Around 70% of the iodide in thyroglobulin are present as the inactive precursors mono-iodotyrosine (MIT) and di-iodotyrosine ‘(DIT). While the iodothyronyl residues T4 and T3 account for the rest 30 per cent.
6. Which hormones among the following are collectively called catecholamines?
a) Thyroid hormones
b) Calcitonin and parathormone
c) Epinephrine and norepinephrine
d) Insulin and glucagon
View Answer
Explanation: Catecholamines, named after the structurally related compound catechol, are mainly the water-soluble compounds epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). They are synthesized from the amino acid tyrosine.
7. Which endocrine gland synthesizes parathormone?
a) Thyroid gland
b) Parathyroid gland
c) Liver
d) Pancreas
View Answer
Explanation: Parathormone is synthesized by parathyroid cells. Parathyroid glands are related to the control of the blood plasma concentration of calcium and phosphate ions. Parathyroid glands are four tiny endocrine system glands that regulate the calcium in our bodies.
8. Which gland is the coordination center of the endocrine system in the human body?
a) Thalamus
b) Thymus
c) Hypothalamus
d) Penial gland
View Answer
Explanation: Hypothalamus accepts signals from the central nervous system and combines them. This gland releases regulatory hormones (releasing factors) in response to these signals that travel directly to the nearby pituitary gland, via special blood vessels and nerves that connect the two glands.
9. What is the primary function of insulin in molecular endocrinology?
a) Promoting glucose uptake by cells
b) Increasing blood sugar levels
c) Stimulating glucose production
d) Inhibiting glycogen synthesis
View Answer
Explanation: Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose by cells, promoting its entry into cells for energy production. It helps regulate blood sugar levels.
10. Insulin like growth factors are produced by which tissues?
a) Skeletal tissues
b) Brain tissues
c) Pancreatic tissues
d) Liver tissues
View Answer
Explanation: Recently two insulin like growth factors, IGF-I and IGF-II, were discovered. They are not of pancreatic origin, liver and other connected tissues produce them. A main enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), is a highly inducible protein whose expression involves a complex and variable array of regulatory mechanisms.
11. Which mineralocorticoid hormone secretion leads to alkalosis?
a) Cortisone
b) Corticosterone
c) Cortisol
d) Aldosterone
View Answer
Explanation: One bicarbonate ion enters the ECF with each sodium ion reabsorption by hydrogen ion exchange through the action of aldosterone, that transfers the reaction to the alkaline side. Thus, increased aldosterone secretion facilitates alkalosis, while acidosis is produced by its decreased secretion.
Chapterwise Multiple Choice Questions on Molecular Endocrinology
- Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
- Hormones Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Metabolic Role
- Mechanism of Action of Hormones that Act on Nuclear Receptors
- Mechanism of Action of Hormones that Act at the Cell Surface
- Neuroendocrinology
- Pituitary Physiology and Diagnostic Evaluation
- Posterior Pituitary, Physiology and Pathology of the Female Reproductive Axis
- Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women
- Endocrine Changes in Pregnancy, Normal and Aberrant Growth
- Endocrinology and Aging
- Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gut Endocrine Tumors
- Hormones and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism
1. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism
The section covers Molecular Endocrinology multiple choice questions on hormones detection, purification, cellular receptors, chemically diverse hormones, regulation of hormone release, tissue-specific metabolism, creatine and creatine kinase, fuel metabolism hormonal regulation, and body mass obesity.
2. Hormones Chemistry, Mechanism of Action and Metabolic Role
The section covers Questions and answers on obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, pituitary hormones, thyroid gland, parathormone, insulin, adrenal hormones, and gonadal hormones, among others.
3. Mechanism of Action of Hormones that Act on Nuclear Receptors
The section contains MCQs on nuclear receptors ligands act and signaling mechanisms.
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4. Mechanism of Action of Hormones that Act at the Cell Surface
The section covers Molecular Endocrinology multiple choice questions on receptors, gene transcription regulation, hormone binding, receptor sensitivity, tyrosine kinases, downstream signaling, serine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors, and their roles in disease pathogenesis and treatment.
5. MCQ on Neuroendocrinology
The section contains questions and answers on neuroendocrine disease.
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6. Molecular Endocrinology MCQ on Pituitary Physiology and Diagnostic Evaluation
The section contains questions and answers on pituitary hormone axes physiology and disorders.
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7. Posterior Pituitary, Physiology and Pathology of the Female Reproductive Axis
The section contains MCQs on pituitary failure development and genetic causes, diabetes insipidus and inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion syndrome.
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8. Molecular Endocrinology MCQ on Sexual Dysfunction in Men and Women
The section contains multiple choice questions and answers on female reproductive system disorders, combined estrogen and progestin contraceptives.
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9. Endocrine Changes in Pregnancy, Normal and Aberrant Growth
The section contains questions and answers on placental hormone production, human sexual response cycle and physiologic mechanisms.
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10. Multiple Choice Questions on Endocrinology and Aging
The section contains MCQs on endocrine regulation, endocrinology and aging.
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11. Gastrointestinal Hormones and Gut Endocrine Tumors
The section contains multiple choice questions and answers on pancreatic and gut hormones.
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12. Molecular Endocrinology Questions on Hormones and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism
The section contains questions and answers on vitamin d, endocrine glands, calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
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Wish you the best in your endeavor to learn and master Molecular Endocrinology!
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