This set of Molecular Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Somatostatin”.
1. Which hormone is otherwise known as Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone (GHRIH)?
a) Somatostatin
b) Insulin
c) Ghrelin
d) Angiotensin
View Answer
Explanation: The somatostatin peptide (also referred to as “GH release inhibiting hormone”) was isolated from the hypothalamus and is a GH secretion regulator. It is a peptide which is made up of 14 amino acids.
2. Which among the following is the correct structure of somatostatin?
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer
Explanation: Somatostatin is a peptide composed of 14 amino acids. At cysteine 3 and cysteine 14 of somatostatin, there is an intrachain S-S linkage. When investigators discovered that an extract of hypothalamic tissues blocked the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland, the word somatostatin, literally meaning stagnation of the body, was coined.
3. What are the three sources of somatostatin hormone in the human body?
a) Hypothalamus, Liver and GI tract
b) Hypothalamus, Pancreas and stomach
c) Hypothalamus, Pancreas and GI tract
d) Hypothalamus, Kidney and GI tract
View Answer
Explanation: There are three sources of somatostatin in the human body. They are Hypothalamus, Pancreas and stomach. As a result, this hormone is widely distributed throughout. Somatostatin is a cyclic peptide well known in the body for its powerful regulatory effects.
4. GI somatostatin has local “paracrine” actions.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The GI somatostatin has local “paracrine” activities restricted to GI mucosa and pancreas as opposed to the “telecrine” action of hypothalamic somatostatin on the anterior pituitary. GI Somatostatin inhibits gastrin, CCK, GIP and motilin secretions.
5. Major function of somatostatin is to regulate nutritional influx.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Since somatostatin can inhibit a number of GI functions (gastric emptying, motility of the GI), its main role may be to monitor the influx of nutrients at the GI tract level. GI somatostatin plays a major role in this process.
6. Which cells secrete somatostatin in the pancreas?
a) Alpha cells
b) Delta cells
c) Beta cells
d) Gamma cells
View Answer
Explanation: Somatostatin is also secreted by pancreatic delta-cells from the islet of Langerhans. D-cells of the antral mucosa of the stomach as well as the duodenal mucosa produce somatostatin in the GI tract.
7. Which hormone act as an ‘intra islet’ paracrine hormone?
a) Pancreatic Somatostatin
b) Hypothalamic Somatostatin
c) GI Somatostatin
d) Glucagon
View Answer
Explanation: Pancreatic Somatostatin blocks the secretion of both insulin and glucagon and can also act as an “intra islet” (paracrine) controller of these hormone secretion. It thus behaves as “synaptic transmitters” intra organ or neuromodulators.
8. Which hormone inhibits the secretion of Brunner’s gland?
a) Glucagon
b) Hypothalamic Somatostatin
c) Pancreatic Somatostatin
d) GI Somatostatin
View Answer
Explanation: GI somatostatin blocks the release of gastric acid, Brunner gland secretion and pancreatic bicarbonates. It also prevents enzyme secretion, gastric emptying, and contraction of the gall bladder. An alkaline fluid consisting of mucin is secreted by the Brunner glands, which empty into the intestinal glands, and exerts a physiological anti-acid function by covering the duodenal epithelium, thereby protecting it from the stomach acid chyme.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Molecular Endocrinology.
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