This set of Molecular Endocrinology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Neuroendocrine Disease”.
1. Emotional stress and psychological disorders can suppress the secretion of which of the following hormones?
a) Gonadotropin
b) Insulin
c) Glucagon
d) Adrenaline
View Answer
Explanation: The response to pituitary-adrenal stress may be triggered by emotional stress and psychiatric disorders and leads to the suppression of gonadotropin secretion (e.g., psychogenic amenorrhea). This may also block the secretion of GH (e.g., psychosocial dwarfism).
2. A transient increase in cortisol secretion after stalk section is due to which hormone?
a) GNH
b) ACTH
c) FSH
d) TSH
View Answer
Explanation: It is thought that a temporary rise in cortisol secretion after stalk segment results from the release of ACTH from preformed stores. The ACTH response to blood cortisol reduction is significantly reduced, but post-stress release of ACTH may be normal.
3. What is said to be the most sensitive indication of damage to the stalk?
a) Fall in LH secretion
b) Fall in TSH secretion
c) Fall in GH secretion
d) Fall in FSH secretion
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Explanation: The most sensitive sign of damage to the stalk is said to be the decrease in GH secretion. However, this endocrinologic shift in adults who have experienced traumatic brain injury can lead that to be ignored and thus lead to delayed recovery.
4. A characteristic pituitary dysfunction pattern is created by destructive lesions of the pituitary stalk.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Destructive pituitary stalk lesions create a typical pituitary dysfunction pattern. This can occur due to head injury, surgical transection, tumor or granuloma. Image outcome for Pituitary stalk lesion Pituitary stalk (PS) lesions are also observed as an accidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
5. Menstrual cycles cease after pituitary stalk section.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: After the pituitary stalk segment, menstrual cycles stop. But, unlike the situation following hypophysectomy, gonadotropins can still be detectable. Hypophysectomy is the treatment of cancerous or benign tumors by surgical removal of the pituitary gland.
6. What is the condition seen in humans with stalk sections or tumors of the stalk region?
a) Anemia
b) Galactorrhea
c) Gardenalia
d) Ketonuria
View Answer
Explanation: Humans with stalk sections or stalk region tumors have levels of hyperprolactinemia that differ widely. This may contribute to a disorder known as galactorrhea. The spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unrelated to childbirth or breastfeeding, is galactorrhea (also written galactorrhea) or lactorrhea.
7. PRL responses to dopamine agonists and antagonists in patients with pituitary isolation syndrome are similar to those in patients with?
a) Prolactinomas
b) Myoma
c) Lymphoma
d)Myeloma
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Explanation: In patients with pituitary isolation syndrome, PRL responses to dopamine agonists and antagonists are identical to those in patients with prolactinoma. PRL responses to hypoglycemia and TRH are blunted, partially due to the lack of hypothalamus neural links.
8. PRL secretion continues to show a diurnal variation in patients with which among the following conditions?
a) Ascites lymphoma
b) Canoeists
c) Leptonema
d) Micro prolactinoma
View Answer
Explanation: Diurnal variance in patients with either hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection or microprolactinoma appears to display PRL secretion. A similarly elevated frequency of PRL pulses characterizes all types of hyperprolactinemia.
9. What is the pituitary condition seen in empty sella syndrome, intrasellar cysts, or pituitary adenomas?
a) Incomplete pituitary isolation syndrome
b) Complete pituitary isolation syndrome
c) Incomplete pituitary deficiency syndrome
d) Complete pituitary isolation syndrome
View Answer
Explanation: In patients with empty sella syndrome, intrasellar cysts, or pituitary adenomas, an incomplete pituitary isolation syndrome may develop. After stalk segment, anterior pituitary failure is partly due to loss of clear neural and vascular connections to the hypothalamus and partly due to pituitary infarction.
10. What is the most common hypophyseotropic hormone deficiency?
a) Isolated TRH deficiency
b) Isolated GnRH deficiency
c) Isolated FSH deficiency
d) Isolated TSH deficiency
View Answer
Explanation: A deficiency of specific pituitary cell types or a deficiency of one or more hypothalamic hormones can cause selective pituitary failure. The most prevalent hypophyseotropic hormone deficiency is isolated GnRH deficiency.
11. What is the name of the disease in which there is gonadotropin deficiency commonly associated with hyposmia?
a) Kallmann’s syndrome
b) Lehman’s syndrome
c) Maple syrup urine disease
d) Ascites syndrome
View Answer
Explanation: In Kallmann’s syndrome, there is gonadotropin deficiency usually associated with hyposmia. In this condition, inherited agenesis of the olfactory lobe may be demonstrable by MRI.
12. Which among the following is an example of a condition in which there is malformations of the cranial midline structures?
a) De Morsier’s syndrome
b) Kallmann’s syndrome
c) Ascites syndrome
d) Lectic syndrome
View Answer
Explanation: Cranial midline structure malformations, such as the absence of septum pellucidum in septo-optic dysplasia, can cause HH or, less frequently, precocious puberty. Otherwise, this condition is referred to as De Morsier’s syndrome.
13. Mutations in NROB1, the gene that causes adrenal hypoplasia congenita with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism leads to which among the following genetic diseases?
a) X-linked recessive disease
b) Mutational dystrophy
c) Autosomal recessive disorder 1
d) Lesh Nyhan’s syndrome
View Answer
Explanation: X-linked recessive disease is produced by mutations in NROB1, the gene that causes congenital adrenal hypoplasia with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Formerly, this gene was known as AHC or DAX1.
14. Autosomal dominant form of HH gene is seen due to the deficient functioning of which of the following genes?
a) FGFR1
b) HESX1
c) PROP1
d) KISS1
View Answer
Explanation: An autosomal dominant type of HH causes defective FGFR1 activity. Autosomal recessive HH has been linked with mutations in the genes encoding the GnRH receptor, KISS1 etc. The FGFR1 gene provides instructions for the development of a protein called the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.
15. Deficiency of which of the following hormones lead to hypothalamic hypothyroidism, which is also called tertiary hypothyroidism?
a) TRH
b) TSH
c) FSH
d) LH
View Answer
Explanation: TRH secretion disorder gives rise to hypothalamic hypothyroidism, also called tertiary hypothyroidism, which can occur as an isolated defect or as a hypothalamic disease. Molecular genetic studies have demonstrated infrequent autosomal recessive mutations in the TRH and TRH receptor genes.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Molecular Endocrinology.
To practice all areas of Molecular Endocrinology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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