This set of Marine Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Environmental Ocean Technology – Microfluidics”.
1. In laminar flow, particles move ______________ the direction of flow.
a) opposite to
b) faster than
c) slower than
d) parallel to
View Answer
Explanation: Laminar flow is a streamlined flow where the particles move parallel to the direction of flow. The impact and potential of microfluidics systems has been evident since invention of chromatography and inkjet printer.
2. Inside a micro-channel, the value of laminar flow is decide by ________________
a) Reynolds number
b) Schmidt number
c) Prandtl number
d) Nusselt number
View Answer
Explanation: Laminar flow of fluids through a micro-channel forms the basis of a microfluidics system. The parallel flow of particles is governed by the Reynolds number and ensured parabolic profile.
3. Microfluidics systems are also known as Lab-on-a-chip (LOC).
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) i.e. a microfluidics system is the next-generation miniaturized analytical laboratory capable of being held in one’s hand. These provide a potential alternate to sophisticated laboratory setup.
4. In microfluidics ________________ increases the rate of reaction and heat transfer.
a) decrease in SAV
b) absence of parabolic profile
c) broad micro-channel
d) increase in SAV
View Answer
Explanation: In microfluidics system an increased surface area to volume (SAV) ratio increases the rate of reaction and heat transfer. This ensues in adsorption of macromolecules on the channel walls further resulting in efficient capillary electrophoresis.
5. Which is not a type of micromixer?
a) Thermal
b) Chaotic flow
c) Electrokinetic
d) Peristaltic
View Answer
Explanation: In the micro-channel Reynolds number is small due to smaller dimensions, and the diffusion is very slow. Due to both these reasons external micro-mixers are used to enhance mixing, examples include chaotic flow micro-mixers, electrokinetic micro-mixers, and peristaltic micro-mixers.
6. What occurs when two fluids having a concentration gradient come in contact?
a) Diffusion
b) Adsorption
c) Absorption
d) Wetting
View Answer
Explanation: When two fluids having a concentration gradient amongst them come in contact, diffusion takes place. Mixing of various liquids at the micro-scale level is attained by the physical process of diffusion.
7. Microfluidics technology can be used to study cell functions.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Not only for distinguishing between diverse range of cells, the microfluidics technology can be used for studying cell functions as well. For instance microfluidics system has been developed to study bioluminescent bacteria based on the motility.
8. ___________________ is not included in cell behavior studies using microfluidics.
a) Water analysis
b) Cell differentiation
c) Signal transduction
d) Gene expression
View Answer
Explanation: Cell growth, cell differentiation, signal transduction, protein secretion and transport, and gene expression can be studied using microfluidics system for cell behavior studies. The mechanism of survival in marine bacteria amidst ephemeral nutrient gradients in marine environment, have been studied.
9. ________________ can be used to detect new hydrothermal sources in the sea.
a) Chromatography
b) Microfluidics
c) Macrofluidics
d) Electrophoresis
View Answer
Explanation: Microfluidics systems have been used and can be improved to be used for management of the ocean ecosystems. Microfluidics systems have been used to detect ion gradients, and new hydrothermal sources in deep sea.
10. Composition of seawater in microbes can be analyzed by detecting ATP.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Presence of microbes and their intracellular water composition can be analyzed using such microfluidics systems as the LOC on a submerged vessel or a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). Detection of ATP is associated with the quantitative and qualitative analysis of microbes.
11. Which is a common approach to detect algae in seawater?
a) Flow cytometry
b) Thin-layer chromatography
c) Pyrosequencing
d) DNA hybridization
View Answer
Explanation: Flow cytometry is a common optical approach to detect harmful algae in the marine environment. For instance the ratio of chlorophyll to algae size (side-scatter signals) can be used to qualitatively assess and differentiate various algae.
12. _____________________ is an electric method for obtaining dielectric characteristics of a cell.
a) Impedance spectroscopy
b) Nuclear magnetic resonance
c) HPLC
d) Mass spectroscopy
View Answer
Explanation: Impedance spectroscopy is a non-invasive electrical method routinely used to determine size and dielectric characteristics of cells constituting the samples collected from marine environment.
13. OLED and OPD have been used to detect ___________________
a) algal fluorescence
b) zooplankton
c) phototophic bacteria
d) heterotrophic bacteria
View Answer
Explanation: Organic light emitting diode (OLED) and organic photodetector (OPD) have been used to detect algal fluorescence. This detection could also be analyzed for the presence of herbicides/metal ions.
14. Which of the following can inhibit cellular respiration and motility in marine microbes?
a) Iron, sulfur
b) Magnesium, copper
c) Citric acid, pyruvic acid
d) Cadmium, copper
View Answer
Explanation: Usually marine microbes are motile and the energy for locomotion comes from cellular respiration. Cadmium and copper are heavy metals that inhibit cellular respiration thus negatively impacting the motility.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Marine Biotechnology.
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