This set of Marine Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Seafood Nutraceuticals – Set 2”.
1. Salmon calcitonin is more potent than human calcitonin.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Calcitonin is an enzyme that prevents loss of calcium and phosphorus through urine. Salmon calcitonin is 30 times more potent in aiding reabsorption of these minerals and hence maintaining bone density in humans.
2. Tocopherols have activity similar to ________________
a) vitamin A
b) vitamin E
c) vitamin C
d) vitamin K
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Explanation: Tocopherols are organic chemical compounds having activity similar to Vitamin E, for instance protecting skin cells and tissues. The antioxidant is abundance in fishery products and fish oils.
3. Which of the following are fat-binding compounds?
a) Carotenoids
b) Fish oil
c) Tocopherols
d) Alkaloids
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Explanation: Carotenoids are fat-binding compounds that are responsible for red and other colors of crustaceans, plants, algae, and cyanobacteria.
4. Carotenoids are of mainly two types.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Carotenoids are fat binding compounds that impart color to a diverse range of organisms. Mainly there are two kinds of carotenoids – hydrocarbons such as β-carotene and xanthophylls; and oxygenated derivatives such as astaxanthin and neoxanthin.
5. ________________ is the oxidized form of β-carotene.
a) Astaxanthin
b) Omega-3
c) Phycocyanin
d) Xanthophyll
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Explanation: β-carotene is a hydrocarbon type of carotenoid while astaxanthin is an oxygenated carotenoid. Both these are rich in fish and crustaceans. These are powerful anti-oxidants as well.
6. Which is not a constituent of crustacean shells?
a) Chitin
b) Metals
c) Carotenoids
d) Chloroplasts
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Explanation: The outer protective shells of crustaceans are made from a conjunction of metals, carotenoids, chitin, and dihydroxy phenylalanine. These can be processed to extract individual bioactive compounds.
7. Flocculation of water can be achieved by using ___________________
a) ferric chloride
b) ferric sulphate
c) magnesium sulphate
d) magnesium chloride
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Explanation: Recovery of marine enzyme from waste water of shrimp aquaculture or shrimp processing is done by flocculating the water using ferric chloride. Concentration of the enzymes is done by cross-flow ultrafiltration.
8. Which is not a characteristic of marine enzymes?
a) Catalytic efficiency at low temperature
b) Catalytic efficiency at narrow pH range
c) Catalytic efficiency at broad pH range
d) Sensitivity to low substrate concentration
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Explanation: Characteristics of marine enzymes such as fish proteinases include catalytic efficiency at low temperatures, stability in large pH range, and sensitivity to low substrate concentrations. These qualities make these potential candidates for wide range of applications.
9. PUFAs are protected against ________________ by incorporating anti-oxidants during isolation from fish.
a) pH shift
b) hydrolysis
c) oxidation
d) fermentation
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Explanation: Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are extracted from fish or seafood processing waste by a series of steps. Omega-3 fatty acids in oil are highly unsaturated and prone to oxidation, incorporating antioxidants in the isolation process is therefore necessary.
10. Squalamine is a _____________
a) antibiotic
b) fatty acid
c) lipid
d) sterol
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Explanation: Squalamine is an amino-sterol antibiotic found in shark’s liver. Sharks liver forms 20-30% of its total body weight, and 90% of the liver is oil. Chopped liver is heated in presence of caustic soda to render oil.
11. Extraction of carotenoids from crustacean shell waste does not include __________________
a) treatmeant with trypsin
b) high temperature
c) organic solvents
d) low pH
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Explanation: Extraction of carotenoid from crustacean shell waste includes treatment with proteases (such as trypsin) to free the bound proteins from shells, at 40-55°C for 2-3 hours. In the process organic solvents are employed initially.
12. Main source of biomass for chitin production is ___________________
a) shellfish waste
b) shark skin
c) shark liver
d) tuna head
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Explanation: Chitin is a light powdery substance insoluble in all organic solvents. The main source of biomass for chitin production is shellfish waste. It is solubilized in carbon disulfide after treatment with caustic soda.
13. Shell waste used for fermentation produces _______________
a) chitosan
b) chitinase
c) chitin
d) collagen
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Explanation: Shell waste can be used for fermentation producing the enzyme chitinase. Typically chitin extraction is done and subsequent processing to yield chitosan (a long chain biopolymer) then ensues.
14. _________________ is a natural amino sugar.
a) Glucosamine
b) Maltose
c) Starch
d) Glycosaminoglycan
View Answer
Explanation: Glucosamine is a natural amino sugar found in foods such as milk, molasses, yeast, eggs and liver yeast. It is obtained by hydrolysis of chitosan with mineral acid (such as hydrochloric acid).
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Marine Biotechnology.
To practice all areas of Marine Biotechnology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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