This set of Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Genetic Aspects of Heavy Metal Resistance”.
1. Which of the following resistance in bacteria is usually found in heavy metal contaminated sites?
a) Mercury
b) Copper
c) Nickle
d) Magnesium
View Answer
Explanation: Mercury resistance in bacteria is usually found in metal contaminated sites. It is usually found in bacteria like in gram positive and negative and is related to plasmid. Whereas, Copper, Nickle and Magnesium resistance are usually not found in metal contaminated sites in bacteria.
2. The common feature of mercury resistance bacteria compared to the clinical isolates would be?
a) Absence of linkage to the drug resistance markers
b) Presence of linkage to the drug resistance markers
c) Presence of linkage to the antibiotic resistance markers
d) Absence of linkage to the antibiotic resistance markers
View Answer
Explanation: The common feature of mercury resistance bacteria compared to the clinical isolates is due to the absence of linkage to the drug resistance markers. In clinical isolates, there is presence of linkage to the antibiotic resistance markers. In bacteria Mercury resistance is usually found in metal contaminated sites. The mercury resistance elements in bacteria are generally plasmid coded and is usually associated with gram negative bacteria.
3. Mercury resistance elements in bacteria are plasmid coded.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Mercury resistance It is usually found in bacteria like in gram positive and negative and is related to plasmid. The mercury resistance elements in bacteria are generally plasmid coded and is usually associated with gram negative bacteria. The linkage to the drug resistance markers is also absent.
4. How does Bacteria develop resistance mechanisms?
a) Extracellular ligands
b) Intercellular ligands
c) Instructions by DNA
d) Integral proteins
View Answer
Explanation: Bacteria uses instructions from there DNA that leads to the development of resistance mechanisms in them. In bacteria, the resistance genes are found within plasmids, small pieces of DNA that carry genetic instructions. Bacteria doesn’t develop resistance mechanisms by extracellular ligands, Integral proteins or Intercellular ligands.
5. Which of the following metal can inhibit bacterial growth by binding to proteins?
a) Zinc
b) Plants
c) Nitrogen
d) Vermicomposting
View Answer
Explanation: Heavy metals can inhibit bacterial growth by binding to proteins, hence, Zinc can inhibit bacterial growth by binding to proteins, they can kill the bacteria by inhibiting the enzymes and their activity. Plants and Nitrogen are not metals and vermicomposting is a de-composting method which uses earthworms.
6. Which of the following is not a sign of heavy metal poisoning?
a) Abdominal pain
b) Cardiomyopathy
c) Numbness
d) Far sightedness
View Answer
Explanation: Far sightedness is not caused by metal poisoning especially not due to heavy metal poisoning whereas, Abdominal pain, cardiomyopathy which is a heart abnormality, numbness which is a nervous system abnormality, these are caused due to heavy metal poisoning which causes these abnormalities.
7. How do heavy metals reach high localized concentration?
a) Bind to amino acids containing Sulfur
b) Bind to amino acids containing Nickle
c) Bind to amino acids containing Copper
d) Bind to amino acids containing Cadmium
View Answer
Explanation: Firstly, there are no amino acids existing under normal conditions which has Nickle, Copper or Cadmium in its side chains, so, heavy metals do not bind to Nickle, Copper or Cadmium. heavy metals reach high localized concentration by binding to amino acids containing Sulfur and accumulate within the cells.
8. Which of the following is not a fundamental mechanism of antimicrobial resistance?
a) Enzymatic degradation
b) Antimicrobial targets of bacterial proteins
c) Membrane permeability
d) Fungal growth
View Answer
Explanation: The basic mechanism of antimicrobial resistance is enzymatic degradation of the drugs against microbes, changes in the antimicrobial targets of bacterial proteins and modification in Membrane permeability, whereas, Fungal growth is independent of these mechanisms and do not result in antimicrobial resistance.
9. Heavy metal species released after death of the bacteria.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Heavy metal species released after death of the bacteria. The metal species released after death of the bacteria has metal accumulation is comparatively less toxic than the actual free metal species released in the environment. After the death of the bacteria, the microorganisms produce aggregates that form complexes with the metals and hence, released into the surrounding after the death of the bacteria but they are less toxic than the actual free metal.
10. Which of the following is not a factor related to industrial process of microbial metal recovery?
a) Capacity
b) Immunity from interference
c) Membrane permeability
d) Efficiency
View Answer
Explanation: Capacity, immunity from interference by wastes, efficiency, selectivity and ease of desorption etc. are the major factor related to industrial process of microbial metal recovery, whereas, one of the basic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance is modification in Membrane permeability but it’s not related to industrial process of microbial metal recovery.
11. Biomining is used to extract metals from mine waste using bacteria.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Biomining is a process used to extract metals from mine waste. This is usually used for the extraction of metals from their ores or mine waste using of microbes from ores or mine waste using various microorganisms.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Environmental Biotechnology.
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