This set of Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “ Anaerobic Bacterial Degradation of Biopolymers”.
1. The places where the molecular oxygen is deficient but the organic matter content is high, degradation occurs __________
a) anoxically
b) in presence of oxygen
c) in presence of water
d) in presence of organic pollutants
View Answer
Explanation: The places where the molecular oxygen is deficient but the organic matter content is high, degradation occurs by reduction of electron acceptors such as nitrite or nitrate.
2. In absence of inorganic electron acceptor, the oxidized metabolite is reduced to ___________
a) Lactate
b) Oxygen
c) Sodium
d) Water
View Answer
Explanation: In absence of inorganic electron acceptor, the oxidized metabolite such as pyruvate or acetate is reduced to lactate or bio transformed, whereas, Oxygen and sodium, water are not the byproducts of the oxidized metabolite.
3. Which of the following bacteria are used to degrade the fermented products?
a) Methanogenic bacteria
b) Sulphate reducing bacteria
c) Carbon degrading bacteria
d) Hydrogen producing bacteria
View Answer
Explanation: Methanogenic bacteria and acetogenic bacteria can further degrade the fermented products to methane, Sulphate reducing bacteria reduce Sulphur, Carbon degrading bacteria degrade carbon, and Hydrogen producing bacteria forms hydrogen.
4. In anaerobic conditions, the biopolymers cannot be degraded by which of the following process?
a) Depolymerisation
b) Fermentation
c) Reduction of fatty acid
d) Biogas formation
View Answer
Explanation: In anaerobic conditions, the biopolymers are usually degraded by the following process like depolymerisation, Fermentation, oxidation of fatty acids i.e. acetogenesis and finally Biogas formation.
5. Fatty acid isomers are usually derived from degradation of amino acids.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides and or amino acids is called as Proteolysis. Amino acid degradation includes deamination, catalysed by transaminases, oxidoreductases and lyases, decarboxylase or isomerases. After proteolysis, fatty acid isomers are usually derived from degradation of amino acids.
6. Which the following bacteria can produce hydrogen from carbohydrates?
a) Clostridium sp.
b) Syntrophobacter sp.
c) Syntrophobacter wolinii
d) Syntrophomonas wolfei
View Answer
Explanation: Clostridium sp. and Eubacterium sp. can produce fatty acids and hydrogen from carbohydrates in the fermentative step, whereas, Syntrophobacter sp., Syntrophobacter wolinii are used in the acetogenic step.
7. Molecular hydrogen is produced during different stages of aerobic reaction.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Molecular hydrogen is produced during different stages of anaerobic degradation reactions, where fatty acids and hydrogen is produced from carbohydrates by various bacteria.
8. Which of the following compounds is not produced during acetogenic stage?
a) Acetate
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Hydrogen
d) Dioxins
View Answer
Explanation: Dioxins is an organic persistent pollutant and is not produced by a biological organism, whereas, Acetate, Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen are produced during acetogenic stage.
9. Which of the following methods is not included in the anaerobic degradation of cellulose?
a) Hydrolytic
b) Acetogenic
c) Fermentative
d) Pasteurization
View Answer
Explanation: Hydrolytic, acetogenic, fermentative and methanogenic phases are usually included in the anaerobic degradation of biopolymers like cellulose but pasteurization is a procedure followed in dairy industry for milk disinfection.
10. The rate of cellulose degradation depends on cellulose itself.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The rate of cellulose degradation depends on the state of cellulose in wastewater, the lignin encrusted and crystalline form of cellulose determines the rate of hydrolysis.
11. At which pH does the protein precipitate?
a) 1
b) 7
c) 8
d) 9
View Answer
Explanation: At an acidic pH i.e preferably 1 tp 4 pH or in presence of enzymes the proteins precipitate outside the cell and not in neutral i.e pH 7 or basic pH i.e 8 to 14.
12. The symbiosis relationship between two microorganisms with different metabolism which leads to short-distance metabolite transfer is called as __________
a) syntrophism
b) catabolism
c) anabolism
d) mutualism
View Answer
Explanation: When both organisms having different metabolism carry out a metabolic function together leading to a metabolite transfer is called syntrophism, Anabolism is the amount of energy required to synthesize biomass, catabolism is the amount of energy required to break the biomass into smaller molecules, relationship in which both species gets the benefit.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Environmental Biotechnology.
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