Environmental Biotechnology Questions and Answers – Microbial Transformations of Pesticides – Nitro Reductions

This set of Environmental Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Microbial Transformations of Pesticides – Nitro Reductions”.

1. Which of the following are usually not degraded by aerobic degradation of nitro-aromatics?
a) Di-nitro derivatives
b) Mono derivatives
c) Poly-nitro derivatives
d) Amino aromatics
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Amino aromatics are usually degraded by anaerobic degradation of nitro-aromatics and not by aerobic degradation of nitro-aromatics. Whereas, Di-nitro derivatives, Mono derivatives, Poly-nitro derivatives are degraded by aerobic degradation of nitro-aromatics by microbes.

2. Which of the following can be used for decontamination of nitro aromatic pesticides from the soil?
a) Ex situ techniques
b) In situ techniques
c) Poly-nitro derivatives
d) Amino aromatics
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Ex situ techniques can be used for decontamination of nitro aromatic pesticides from the soil which uses whole cell or enzyme and then by immobilizing it on a suitable matrix, Ex situ bioremediation of the nitro aromatic pesticides is done easily. In situ techniques are not preferable over Ex situ techniques. Whereas, Poly-nitro derivatives and Amino aromatics are degraded by aerobic and anaerobic degradation of nitro-aromatics by microbes.

3. Nitro-aromatic compounds found in the environment are known as which of the following?
a) Water
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon
d) Recalcitrant
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Nitro-aromatic compounds are formed by incomplete combustion and hence, they are persistent in the environment called as Recalcitrant. Whereas, molecular oxygen that is found in the environment helps to degrade plant and animal biomass into carbon dioxide and water, Oxygen and Carbon are not called as recalcitrant.
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4. Which of the following helps to hydrolyze the nitro-aromatics?
a) Exo enzymes
b) Endo enzymes
c) Sodium
d) Potassium
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Exo-enzymes are used to hydrolyze the macromolecules, hence they can also help to hydrolyse nitro-aromatics which is produced and excreted after use after contact with respective inducers, endo enzymes doesn’t help in this process whereas, sodium and potassium are not enzymes.

5. Which of the following property is shown by the exo-enzyme with bio polymers?
a) Adsorption
b) Absorption
c) Miscibility
d) Immiscibility
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The exo-enzymes adsorb to the bio polymers and hydrolyze them to monomers or oligomers, the exo-enzymes don’t absorb, or is not miscible or immiscible to the biopolymers or else it won’t be able to hydrolyze them to monomers.
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6. Which of the following is the vital intermediate of almost all the metabolism processes?
a) Acetyl CoA
b) Oil
c) Natural gas
d) Carbon dioxide
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Acetyl CoA is the central intermediate of almost all the metabolism of organic compounds, Oil, Natural gas are naturally found in the atmosphere and carbon dioxide is not the central intermediate of almost all the metabolism.

7. When carbohydrates are consumed by aerobic bacteria, almost one third of initial energy is lost.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: When carbohydrate is consumed by the aerobic bacteria, it leads to loss of almost one third of the initial energy and two-thirds are conserved biochemically. Hence, this leads to loss in initial energy and they are energy deprived.
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8. Which of the following is used for cell multiplication in a cell?
a) Maintenance of metabolism
b) Smashing with Adhesives
c) Smashing with Fibers
d) Smashing with Alkali and acids
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The conserved energy in the phosphanhydride bond of ATP is partially used for cell multiplication and maintenance metabolism during oxidative phosphorylation by proliferating bacteria, whereas, mashing with Adhesives, Fibers, Alkali and acids is usually not used for conserved energy usage.

9. Which of the following bond of ATP conserves the energy bond?
a) Phosphanhydride bond
b) Phosphodiester bond
c) Ether bond
d) Covalent bond
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The conserved energy in the phosphanhydride bond of ATP is partially used for cell multiplication and maintenance metabolism during oxidative phosphorylation by proliferating bacteria, whereas, Phosphodiester bond, ether bond, covalent bond is not involved in ATP conservation.
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10. Microorganisms can catalyze mineralization of nitro-aromatics.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Nitro-aromatics can be catalyzed by used of microbes which act as bio-catalyst and they can efficiently mineralization the nitro aromatic compounds. They can also help in non-specific alteration of nitro-aromatic compounds.

11. Which of the following process can be used for mineralization of nitro-aromatics?
a) Aerobic process
b) Using adhesives
c) Using Fibers
d) Using Alkali
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Aerobic process or anaerobic process is used for mineralization of nitro-aromatics using microbes and a few biological and naturally available bio-catalysts, whereas, using Adhesives, Fibers, Alkali and acids is usually not used for biological mineralization of nitro-aromatics.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Environmental Biotechnology.

To practice all areas of Environmental Biotechnology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.

If you find a mistake in question / option / answer, kindly take a screenshot and email to [email protected]

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Manish Bhojasia - Founder & CTO at Sanfoundry
Manish Bhojasia, a technology veteran with 20+ years @ Cisco & Wipro, is Founder and CTO at Sanfoundry. He lives in Bangalore, and focuses on development of Linux Kernel, SAN Technologies, Advanced C, Data Structures & Alogrithms. Stay connected with him at LinkedIn.

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