This set of Vegetables Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Microbiology of Fresh and Processed Vegetables”.
1. What factors contribute to the spoilage of vegetables?
a) Microbes
b) Enzymes
c) Air
d) Microbes, enzymes, air
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Explanation: There are many factors that cause spoilage of vegetables. Microbes, enzymes and air are some of the factors. Temperature and time plays an important role in spoilage. The storage area should be clean and free from pests.
2. What causes soft rot in potatoes?
a) Pectobacterium atrosepticum
b) Xanthomonas campestris
c) Lactobcillus stolonifer
d) Penicillium digitatum
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Explanation: Soft rots are caused by several bacteria. Most commonly are Pectobacterium carotovorum, Dickeya dadantii, and certain species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Clostridium. It is normally seen in potatoes and other tuber crops.
3. Which of the following causes potatoes to rot inside?
a) Dry rot
b) Pink rot
c) Green rot
d) Soft rot
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Explanation: Dry rots in potatoes are due to several fungi like genus Fusarium. Fusariums are comparatively weak fungi. They are unable to attack potatoes with intact skin. But if they gain access to the inside of the tuber, these pathogens can cause other diseases like bacterial soft rot.
4. What is soft rot disease?
a) Caused by pathogens that secrete enzymes capable of destroying water transportation in plants
b) Caused by pathogens that secrete enzymes capable of decomposing plant parts
c) Caused by pathogens that secretes enzymes capable of destroying DNA of the plant cell
d) Caused by pathogens that secrete enzymes capable of decomposing cell wall structures
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Explanation: Soft rot disease is caused by pathogens which produces enzymes that are used for decomposing cell wall structures. It destroys the texture of tissue of plant. The plant tissue becomes soft and watery. Soft rots occur on fleshy vegetables like carrot, potato, eggplant.
5. What causes the soft rot disease of ginger?
a) Pectobacterium species
b) Fusarium species
c) Lactobcillus species
d) Penicillium species
View Answer
Explanation: Fusarium is fungus reported to cause soft rot of ginger. There is no effective treatment once the plant is affected by this disease. The affected parts are removed immediately to curb the spread of the diseases.
6. What causes black rot of crucifers?
a) Pectobacterium atrosepticum
b) Xanthomonas campestris
c) Lactobcillus stolonifer
d) Penicillium digitatum
View Answer
Explanation: Black rot of crucifers is caused by Xanthomonas campestris. This bacterium is most often familiarized in a garden on or in seeds and transplants of susceptible vegetables. It is always better to remove the affected parts.
7. What causes carrots to rot?
a) Rhizoctonia species
b) Xanthomonas species
c) Lactobcillus species
d) Penicillium species
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Explanation: Crown and root rots are caused by pathogens like Rhizoctonia and Pythium species. Common symptoms are the tops of carrot roots turning mushy and rotting, and the foliage may die to the ground as well. Roots also become stunted or forked.
8. What causes root rot in onions?
a) Dry rot
b) White rot
c) Green rot
d) Soft rot
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Explanation: White rot is a severe disease in plants especially in the allium family like bulb onions, leeks, snd garlic. It is produced by the Stromatinia cepivora which is a soil-borne fungus. The symptoms appear from mid-summer until early autumn. It can persist in the soil for many years.
9. What causes anthracnose?
a) Pectobacterium atrosepticum
b) Xanthomonas campestris
c) Collectotrichum lindemuthianum
d) Penicillium digitatum
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Explanation: Usually anthracnose is caused by Collectotrichum lindemuthianum, Collectotrichum coccodes. The defect is seen in leaves and fruits or seed pods. Anthracnose can survive on infected plant debris and is very easily spread.
10. Which of the following vegetable is easily susceptible to rhizopus soft rot?
a) Sweet potato
b) Garlic
c) Chillies
d) Leafy vegetables
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Explanation: Rhizopus soft rot is a disease which occurs in sweet potato. It is one of the most common to disease in the sweet potato. It normally happens during packing and shipping. The disease can cause a watery soft rot of the interior portion of the storage root.
11. What causes stem rot?
a) Rhizoctonia species
b) Xanthomonas species
c) Lactobcillus species
d) Penicillium species
View Answer
Explanation: The disease called stem rot is caused by a fungus infection mainly in the stem. These fungi infection is caused by fungus like Rhizoctonia, Fusarium and Pythium genera. Stem rot infect crops that are in their somatic or flowering stages. The disease survives up to five years in the soil.
12. Lettuce, celery, carrots are subject to watery soft rot.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Watery soft rot is caused by a soil fungus which is more or less common to all regions. It is especially destructive because it can attack such a wide variety of crops. Lettuce, celery, carrots, turnips, cabbage, beans, peas are subject to this disease.
13. What causes sliminess in vegetables?
a) Saprophytic species
b) Xanthomonas species
c) Lactobcillus species
d) Penicillium species
View Answer
Explanation: It is caused by saprophytic bacteria. It is mainly found in piled, wet, heating vegetables. Normally this disease is seen in the spoilage of fruit and vegetable juices. Molds can grow on the surface of acidic juices if juices are exposed to air.
14. Food spoilage is the process by which food quality becomes compromised and its edibility significantly reduced.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Food spoilage is known as the process where the food quality is compromised. The edibility of spoiled food is significantly reduced. Numerous signs of food spoilage are changes in the appearance of the foods, changes in its texture, bad odor and poor taste
15. What causes stem end rot in mango?
a) Pectobacterium atrosepticum
b) Xanthomonas campestris
c) Collectotrichum lindemuthianum
d) Dothiorella dominicana
View Answer
Explanation: The fungi Dothiorella dominicana and Botryodiplodia theobromae cause the stem end rot in mango. These fungi are natural populations present on the mango tree branches. They grow well into the stem of the fruit before harvest.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Vegetables Processing.
To practice all areas of Vegetables Processing, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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