This set of Vegetables Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Bioactive Phytochemicals in Vegetables”.
1. What are phytochemicals?
a) Bioactive nutrient plant chemicals
b) Metabolic pathway
c) End products in fermentation
d) End products in metabolism
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Explanation: Phytochemicals are defined as bioactive nutrient plant chemicals in fruits, vegetables, grains, and other plant foods. It provides desirable health benefits beyond basic nutrition it also reduce the risk of major chronic diseases.
2. Phytochemicals are a wide variety of nonnutritive chemical compounds.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Phytochemicals are a wide variety of nonnutritive chemical compounds. It is found in plant foods, which have health effects. A few examples of well-known phytochemicals are the flavonoids, phenolic acids, isoflavones, curcumin, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids.
3. What phytochemicals are in carrots?
a) Ascorbic acid, carotenoids
b) Ascorbic acid, polyacetylenes
c) Carotenoids, polyacetylenes
d) Carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid
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Explanation: The four types of phytochemicals found in carrots, namely phenolics, carotenoids, polyacetylenes, and ascorbic acid. These chemicals aid in the risk reduction of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. It is due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, plasma lipid modification, and anti-tumor properties.
4. Which phytochemicals are found in lettuce?
a) Chicoric acid and chlorogenic acid
b) Chicoric acid and lactic acid
c) Lactic acid and chlorogenic acid
d) Chicoric acid, lactic acid and chlorogenic acid
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Explanation: The concentrations of two major phenolic compounds in lettuce are chicoric acid and chlorogenic acid. These are increased significantly in response to all the stresses. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were not detected in the plants.
5. What is ellagic acid good for?
a) Antioxidant properties
b) Anti-inflammatory properties
c) Anti-ageing properties
d) Anti- tumor properties
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Explanation: Ellagic acid is known for its antioxidant properties. That means it removes toxins from the body and protects against harmful molecules known as free radicals. Plants also produce this antioxidant compound as a defense mechanism against infection and pests.
6. What is the main function of the carotenoids?
a) Photo-protective agents
b) Anti-inflammatory properties
c) Anti-ageing properties
d) Anti- tumor properties
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Explanation: Carotenoids have been shown to have two major functions in photosynthesis. They act as photo-protective agents, preventing the harmful photodynamic reaction. It also acts as accessory light-harvesting pigments, extending the spectral range over which light drives photosynthesis.
7. What is the importance of flavonoids?
a) Antioxidant properties
b) Anti-inflammatory properties
c) Antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-tumor properties
d) Anti- tumor properties
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Explanation: Flavonoids are important for human health because of their antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anti‐inflammatory activities. They act as free radical scavengers. They are potential reducing agents that protect from oxidative damage.
8. Why the phenolic compounds are very important?
a) Preserving the food quality
b) Destroys the microbes
c) Damages the plane cell
d) Improves the respiration of plant
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Explanation: Phenolic compounds are involved in the phenolic compound oxidation. They are very important in preserving the food quality. The phenolic compound oxidation induces the production of dark compounds (browning) that induces rejection by the consumers. It decreases the antioxidant capacity of foods.
9. How do you extract phenolic compounds?
a) Soxhlet extraction, hydro distillation methods
b) Maceration, hydro distillation methods
c) Soxhlet extraction, maceration
d) Soxhlet extraction, maceration and hydro distillation methods
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Explanation: There are three methods for extractions of phenolic compounds. They are Soxhlet extraction, maceration and hydro distillation methods. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with or without mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most commonly applied method to identify and quantify polyphenols.
10. What vegetables contain phytoestrogens?
a) Cabbage
b) Egg plant
c) Potato
d) Garlic
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Explanation: Cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage are all cruciferous vegetables rich in phytoestrogens. Cauliflower and broccoli are rich in secoisolariciresinol. It is a type of lignan phytoestrogen which many nutritional benefits.
11. What phytochemicals are in onions?
a) Dietary flavonoids
b) Ellagic acid
c) Chicoric acid
d) Chlorogenic acid
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Explanation: Onions are a very common and rich source of dietary flavonoids. It contains three diverse and highly valuable phytochemicals in perfect proportion flavonoids, fructans, and organosulfur compounds. Onion has been described to have several health benefits related to its antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, hypolipidemic, hypoglycaemic, or anti-aggregator effects.
12. What phytochemicals are in capsicum?
a) Carotenoids
b) Ellagic acid
c) Chicoric acid
d) Chlorogenic acid
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Explanation: Major antioxidant compounds in capsicum are carotenoids. It also contains tocopherols, and capsaicinoids (capsacicin). Their anticancer role is attributed to their ability to act as scavengers of singlet molecular oxygen.
13. Which of the following carotenoid is present in tomato?
a) Lycopene
b) Lutein
c) Zeaxanthin
d) Carotene
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Explanation: Lycopene is a carotenoid that is present in tomatoes, processed tomato products and other fruits. It is one of the most potent antioxidants among dietary carotenoids. Lycopene may lower the risk of developing prostate cancer.
14. Are flavonoids polyphenols?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Flavonoids are a family of polyphenolic compounds. They are widespread in nature (vegetables) and are consumed as part of the human diet in significant amounts. There are other types of polyphenols like tannins and resveratrol.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Vegetables Processing.
To practice all areas of Vegetables Processing, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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