This set of Fruits Processing Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Fruit Processing Waste Management”.
1. What does anaerobic digestion produce?
a) Stops enzyme actions
b) Prevent reduction reaction
c) Biogas production
d) Improves metabolism
View Answer
Explanation: In anaerobic digestion, biogas is produced as an end product. Biogas is produced in absence of oxygen where the microbes break down organic materials. It mostly consists of methane and carbon dioxide and small traces of water vapor and other gases. It produces nutrient rich bio-fertilizer.
2. Is anaerobic digestion good for the environment?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Anaerobic digestion is good for the environment. It helps in reducing emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The methane gas is captured displaces fossil fuel energy use. But inefficiently process can cause an odor nuisance.
3. What is the product of methanogenesis?
a) Methane
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Ethane
d) Ethanol
View Answer
Explanation: Methanogenesis is the final step in anaerobic degradation of carbon. This is the metabolism that degrades carbon when all alternative electron acceptors have been exhausted. The methanogens produce methane as the major end product of their metabolism in a unique energy-generating process.
4. What are the types of composting?
a) Aerobic composting
b) Anaerobic composting
c) Vermicomposting
d) Aerobic, anaerobic and vermicomposting
View Answer
Explanation: Composting means breaking down organic material. There are three types; aerobic, anaerobic and vermicomposting. Aerobic composting is decomposition of organic matter using microorganisms that require oxygen. Anaerobic composting decomposes waste without oxygen. Vermicomposting is the process by which worms are used to convert organic materials.
5. How is Biodiesel produced?
a) Vegetable oils
b) Plant parts
c) Fruit peels
d) Fruit seeds
View Answer
Explanation: Vegetable oils, yellow grease, used cooking oils, or animal fats can be used for production of biodiesel. It follows the principle of transesterification. It converts fats and oils into the biodiesel compounds and glycerin. Glycerin is a coproduct. It is a sugar which is commonly used in the pharmaceuticals industry.
6. Which is the most preferred method of biodiesel?
a) Transesterification
b) Oxidation
c) Reduction
d) Esterification
View Answer
Explanation: Transesterification method is the most preferred for production of biodiesel. The transesterification process uses diverse feedstock types to produce biodiesel. In this method, with reduced viscosity the oils, lipids and triglycerides are converted to their alkyl esters and then to fuel.
7. Are these statements about the waste management of apple pome true?
Statement 1: They are used for pectin production.
Statement 2: Solid state fermentation of apple pome produced ethanol.
a) True, False
b) True, True
c) False, True
d) False, False
View Answer
Explanation: Apple pome can be used in wide range of industries. It is used in pectin manufacturing. It contains high amount of pectin. Ethanol is produced by solid state fermentation of apple pomes. It is used in production of the enzymes, cattle feed. It also produces pigments.
8. Which of the following is used in fluidized bed combustion process?
a) Vegetable oils
b) Plant parts
c) Fruit peels
d) Fruit seeds
View Answer
Explanation: It practically burns waste combinations into low emissions. A fruit stone for which the moisture content is very low is used in this process. They should have high calorific values (LHV) similar to wood due to the high lignin content.
9. Which microorganisms are used for efficient biosorption?
a) Bacteria
b) Mold
c) Yeast
d) Algae
View Answer
Explanation: Algae are efficient and cheap biosorbents as the requirement of nutrient by algae is little. The algae absorb about 15.3% – 84.6% which is higher as compared to other microbial biosorbents. It has the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater.
10. Which of the following can be done to reduce citrus waste?
a) Clouding agents
b) Anti caking agents
c) Oxidizing agents
d) Sequestrates
View Answer
Explanation: The wastes from citrus fruits are used as clouding agents for citrus beverages. It is obtained with the alcohol addition or by fermentation process with yeast. It can also be produced by the adding salt to citrus waste after extracting the proteins.
11. Which of the following can be done to reduce Pineapple waste?
a) Bromelain extraction
b) Ficin extraction
c) Papain extraction
d) Bromelain, Ficin and papain extraction
View Answer
Explanation: Bromelain can be extracted from the pineapple waste. Ficin can be extracted from the fig waste. Papain can be extracted from the papaya waste. These enzymes can be used in food industry as clarifying agents, pectin agents and clouding agents.
12. Which of the following can extracted from grape waste?
a) Tartaric acid
b) Lactic acid
c) Ethanol
d) Formic acid
View Answer
Explanation: The grape seeds are used to extract oil. Tartaric acid recover by crystallization can be done from the grape waste. Tannin extract can be extracted from the decorticated grape seeds. Grape jelly, grape chutney is manufactured as value added product. Grapes can be used in commercial pectin production.
13. Which of the following can be done to reduce banana stem waste?
a) Pectin extraction
b) Paper pulp
c) Ethanol production
d) Formic acid extraction
View Answer
Explanation: The banana stems are used in the paper pulp production. The banana stem is rich in fiber which can be used in the cloth manufacturing. It is very important to utilize each and every part of the plant to reduce the waste production.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Fruits Processing.
To practice all areas of Fruits Processing, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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