This set of Protein Engineering Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Lysosome Mediated Protein Degradation”.
1. Which of the following is a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases?
a) Mitochondria
b) Vacuole
c) Nucleus
d) Lysosome
View Answer
Explanation: Lysosomeis a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains an array of digestive enzymes, including several proteases. These enzymes are also known as hydrolytic enzymes. They help in intracellular digestion.
2. What is the pH at which the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome remain active?
a) 7.7
b) 6.7
c) 5.7
d) 4.7
View Answer
Explanation: Lysosome contains a variety of hydrolytic enzymes that remain active under acidic pH. This acidic pH is around 4.7. Lysosome pH is maintained at an active pH of 4.7 by an ATP driven proton pump.
3. What is the approximate pH of the cytosol in a cell?
a) 1.4
b) 10
c) 8.9
d) 7.2
View Answer
Explanation: The approximate pH of the cytosol in a cell is 7.2. It is usually higher if the cell is growing. Whereas, the pH in the lumen of the lysosome is 7.2. Most of the hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome remain active under acidic pH, hence, it prevents the unwanted lysis of cytosolic proteins in an accidental spillover of these enzymes.
4. Who discovered the lysosome?
a) Ernest Rutherford
b) Albert V. Kolliker
c) Camillo Golgi
d) C. de Duve
View Answer
Explanation: C. de Duve discovered lysosome in the year 1950. Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus. Albert V. Kolliker discovered the mitochondria. Camillo Golgi discovered the Golgi apparatus.
5. How many types of hydrolytic enzymes are present in the lysosome?
a) 60 types
b) 100 types
c) 20 types
d) 40 types
View Answer
Explanation: Lysosome contains 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes. These hydrolytic enzymes are active under acidic pH. These enzymes help in the digestion of unwanted proteins.
6. Which of the following is not a function of the lysosome?
a) Role in the development process
b) Role in cell metabolism
c) Role in the digestion of extracellular proteins
d) Role in protein synthesis
View Answer
Explanation: Lysosome has many functions e.g. it has a role in the development process, cell metabolism, digestion of extracellular proteins, etc. Lysosome has no role in protein synthesis.
7. Lysosome does not take part in which of the following events?
a) Autophagy
b) Cell death
c) Proteolysis
d) ATP synthesis
View Answer
Explanation: Lysosome does take part in events such as autophagy, cell death, proteolysis, etc. But it does not take part in ATP synthesis.
8. How many different types of lysosomes are there?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Explanation: Lysosomes are extremely dynamic organelles. There are four types of lysosomes, out of which first is primary lysosome and the other three have been grouped among secondary lysosomes.
9. Which of the following is not a term for the primary lysosome?
a) Storage granules
b) Protolysosomes
c) Virgin lysosomes
d) Phagolysosomes
View Answer
Explanation: Primary lysosomes are also known as storage granules, proto-lysosomes, and virgin lysosomes. Phagolysosome is a type of secondary lysosome. Hence, phagolysosome is not a term for the primary lysosome.
10. Which of the following is not included among secondary lysosomes?
a) Residual bodies
b) Heterophagosomes
c) Autophagosomes
d) Protolysosomes
View Answer
Explanation: Residual bodies, heterophagosomes, and autophagosomes all types of secondary lysosomes. Protolysosome is another term for primary lysosome.
11. Which of the following type of lysosome is formed after the fusion of vacuole with protolysosome?
a) Telolysosomes
b) Autolysosomes
c) Autophagosomes
d) Heterolysosome
View Answer
Explanation: Heterolysosome is formed by the fusion of vacuole with primary lysosome i.e. protolysosome. Telolysosomes is also known as residual bodies. Autolysosomes (also called as Autophagosomes) are formed when primary lysosomes engulf intracellular structures.
12. What is another term for residual bodies?
a) Heterophagic vacuoles
b) Storage granules
c) Autophagic vacuoles
d) Telolysosomes
View Answer
Explanation: Telolysosomes is another term for residual bodies. Storage granules are primary lysosomes. Heterophagic vacuoles and autophagic vacuoles are not related to residual bodies.
13. Which of the following lysosome is formed when primary lysosome fuses with cytoplasmic vacuole?
a) Residual bodies
b) Autophagic vacuoles
c) Storage granules
d) Heterophagosome
View Answer
Explanation: Heterophagsome is formed when primary lysosome fuses with the cytoplasmic vacuole. Storage granules are primary lysosomes. Residual bodies are telolysosomes.
14. Which of the following type of lysosome is formed when primary lysosome digests intracellular structures like mitochondria?
a) Heterolysosomes
b) Phagolysosomes
c) Protolysosomes
d) Autolysosomes
View Answer
Explanation: Autolysosomes are formed when primary lysosome digests intracellular structures like mitochondria. First, these organelles are covered by a lipid membrane in the ER. This structure is known as an autophagosome. Primary lysosome fuses with this autophagosome to form autolysosome.
15. Which of the following types of lysosomes digests the substance taken in through pinocytosis?
a) Telolysosome
b) Autolysosome
c) Cytolysosome
d) Phagolysosome
View Answer
Explanation: Phagolysosome is the type of lysosome that digests the substance taken in through pinocytosis. Autolysosome is formed when the primary lysosome is fused vesicle containing intracellular structures.
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