This set of Nanotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Application of Nanofluidics”.
1. Which of the following parameters is used to regulate the dominant form of nanofluidic transport between electromigration and electrosmosis?
a) Ka, a dimensionless parameter
b) Only a, the channel length
c) K, Debye Length
d) Only K-1, inverse Debye length
View Answer
Explanation: The dimensionless parameter, Ka, is used to regulate the dominant form of nanofluidic transport between electromigration and electrosmosis. Ka is formed by the combination of a – channel length, and K-1 – the inverse Debye length.
2. What makes the application of nanofluidics challenging?
a) High surface area to volume ratio
b) Complete exclusion of co-ions
c) Clogging of tube due to large macromolecules
d) Presence of Electrical Double Layer (EDL)
View Answer
Explanation: There are few challenges associated with the fluid flow through nanochannels. The most common being the congestion of the tubes due to macromolecules and insoluble debris or particles present in the liquid.
3. Nanochannels are used to separate DNA molecules and Proteins.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Well-defined nanochannels in the size range of 30 – 500nm can be used to separate DNA molecules and proteins. This is done using the principal of steric effect that exploits the concept of entropic reduction in the transport of biomacromolecules within enclosed geometrics.
4. When do Au-plated NCAMs show ion-permselectivity?
a) In the absence of EDL (Electrical Double Layer)
b) Electrical Double Layer (EDL) within nanopores overlaps or interacts
c) EDL thickness increases EFO (Electro-osmotic flow)
d) In presence of extremely less charge density on nanochannel walls
View Answer
Explanation: Au-plated NCAMs show ion-permselectivity that is they reject ions of same charge (co-ions) and allow ions of opposite charge (counter-ions) to pass. This happens when EDL within the nanopores overlap or interacts.
5. One of the most promising areas of nanofluidics is a Lab-on-a-chip (LOC). Which of the following is not its advantage?
a) Low fluid volume consumption
b) Faster response of system
c) Expensive and complex equipment for fabrication process
d) High surface to volume ratio
View Answer
Explanation: One of the major disadvantages of LOC is the micro-manufacturing process required to fabricate it. The process demands sophisticated and expensive machineries. It is also labour intensive and requires specialized personnel’s to handle such complex machineries.
6. How can the tuning of Ka be done in order to control the dominant form of nanofluidics between electrosmosis and electromigration?
a) Changing the pore diameter
b) Altering EDL thickness with respect to pore diameter
c) Keeping pH constant
d) Avoiding the application of an electrical bias to the channel walls
View Answer
Explanation: The tuning of Ka can be done by altering the EDL thickness relative to pore diameter. This is done either by changing the pH of the solution to alter its surface charge density, or by changing the electrolyte concentration of the solution. It can also be achieved by applying an electrical bias to the channel walls.
7. Which of the following is incorrect about the uses of NCAMs in nanofluidics?
a) NCAMs function as controllable molecular gates and show different pore size
b) NCAMs increase the intensity of insulin peak in a mass spectrometer
c) NCAMs is incapable of mediating digital transfer of fluid voxels between channels
d) NCAMs embedded with receptors can be used for sample preconcentration in microfluidic devices.
View Answer
Explanation: NCAMs (Nano Capillary Array Membrane) has found a number of its applications in the field of chemical analysis. Its uses can be listed as :- i) NCAMs embedded with receptors are used for sample preconcentration and biomolecular purification in microfluidic devices, ii) NCAMs help mediating digital transfer of fluid voxels between microchannels, by acting as controllable molecular gates, iii) They can even be used to enhance the insulin peak intensity in a mass spectrometer.
8. Why is the transport of solvent difficult in nanodevices?
a) Presence of electro-osmotic flow
b) Decrease in hydrodynamic transport velocity with the square of channel radius
c) Requirement of very low pressure-gradients
d) Increase in hydrodynamic transport velocity with the square of channel height
View Answer
Explanation: Transport of solvent can be difficult in nanodevices. This is because pressure-driven transport requires higher pressure gradients, due to reduction in the hydrodynamic transport velocity with the square of channel radius or height.
9. Mesoporous materials, having nanochannels with sizes nearly of 10nm, have been used for the removal of which material from water?
a) Aspartic acid
b) Sulphuric acid
c) Boric acid
d) Humic acid
View Answer
Explanation: Nanofluidics has been applied in many fields. One of them is water purification. Humic acid is removed from fresh and ocean waters using mesoporous materials having nanopores of size nearly 10nm.
10. NCAMs in nanofluidics is expanded correctly in which of the following options?
a) Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule
b) Nano Capillary Array Membrane
c) Net Centric Application Monitor
d) National Corporation for Antiquities and Museum
View Answer
Explanation: NCAMs in nanofluidics is expanded as Nano Capillary Array Membrane. These nanochannels are used mainly in chemical analysis. Various receptors are added to NCAMs for sample preconcentration and purification of biomolecules in microfluidic devices.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Nanotechnology.
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