This set of Aerodynamics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Finite Waves”.
1. What are finite waves?
a) Waves with large perturbations
b) Sound waves
c) Weak waves
d) Waves with small temperature fluctuations
View Answer
Explanation: The traveling waves have small perturbations in ambient conditions having small changes in pressure, density etc. Such waves are weak waves but finite waves have large perturbations at ambient conditions.
2. Finite wave’s properties such as density, velocity are a function of distance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Finite waves which propagate in some direction x have properties such as temperature, pressure, density, velocity a function of distance x for time t at an instant. The flow is supposed to be isentropic.
3. What is the region in a finite wave called where density increases?
a) Compression region
b) Expansion region
c) Linearized region
d) Propagating region
View Answer
Explanation: The density of the finite wave varies along the distance of its propagation. The region where the density increases is known as the finite compression region, and the portion where the density decreases is known as the finite expansion region.
4. Which of these is not a property of finite wave?
a) The perturbations are large
b) Wave shape changes
c) Linear equations are used to govern the flow variables
d) Wave propagates with added local speed and speed of sound
View Answer
Explanation: Finite waves unlike the sound waves have high perturbation of density, velocity, temperature etc. They are known to propagate at speed which is an addition of local speed of mass velocity and speed of sound. The shape of the finite wave does not remain constant like the sound waves and the flow variables are governed by the nonlinear equations.
5. Which of these is the compatibility equation along C+ characteristic line?
a) du + \(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = 0
b) du – \(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = 0
c) \(\frac {dpu}{ρa}\) = 0
d) \(\frac {du}{ρa}\) = 0
View Answer
Explanation: C+ characteristic line is the path along which the governing partial equation can be reduced to the ordinary differential equation. The compatibility equation along C+ line is:
du + \(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = 0
The compatibility equation along C– line is:
du – \(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = 0
6. What is the slope for C– characteristic line?
a) u + a
b) u – a
c) ua
d) \(\frac {u}{a}\)
View Answer
Explanation: At a point (x,y) in an x – y plane there exists paths through this point known as C+ and C– characteristic lines. They represent the path of sound waves which are left and right running. The slope for a C– characteristic line is given by u – a and for C+ characteristic is u + a.
7. Riemann invariants are obtained by differentiating the compatibility equations for the characteristic lines.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: When the two compatibility equations for C+ and C– characteristic lines are integrated, we obtain the Riemann invariants. J+ is the Riemann invariant for C+ characteristic line and J– is the Riemann invariant for C– characteristic line.
8. What is the Riemann invariant for C+ characteristic line?
a) J+ = u + ∫\(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = constant
b) J+ = u – ∫\(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = constant
c) J+ = u + \(\frac {dp}{ρa}\)
d) J+ = u – \(\frac {dp}{ρa}\)
View Answer
Explanation: Riemann invariant for a compatibility equation of the C+ characteristic line is obtained by integrating the compatibility equation.
The compatibility equation along C+ characteristic line is given by:
du + \(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = 0
On integrating the above equation, we get:
J+ = u + ∫\(\frac {dp}{ρa}\) = constant
Where, J+ is the Riemann invariant
9. If the Riemann variants are known, how can we compute the mass – motion velocity u?
a) \(\frac {J_++J_-}{2}\)
b) \(\frac {J_+-J_-}{2}\)
c) \(\frac {J_+×J_-}{3}\)
d) \(\frac {J_+×J_-}{6}\)
View Answer
Explanation: On solving the two Riemann invariants J+ and J– for the two characteristic lines passing through a point x, y in an x – y plane, we get the solution for mass – motion velocity u. It is given by:
u = \(\frac {J_++J_-}{2}\)
10. How is local velocity of sound related to the Riemann invariants?
a) a = \(\frac {γ – 1}{4}\)(J+ + J–)
b) u = \(\frac {γ – 1}{4}\)(J+ J–)
c) a = \(\frac {γ – 1}{4}\)(J+ – J–)
d) a = γ – 1(J+ – J–)
View Answer
Explanation: The two Riemann equations along characteristic lines are given by:
J+ = u + \(\frac {2a}{γ – 1}\) = constant
J– = u – \(\frac {2a}{γ – 1}\) = constant
Where J+ is along C+ characteristic line and J– is along C– characteristic line. When we solve these two equations, we obtain the local velocity of sound which is given by:
a = \(\frac {γ – 1}{4}\)(J+ – J–)
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Aerodynamics.
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