Advanced Power Systems Questions and Answers

This set of Advanced Power Systems Questions and Answers focuses on “Switchgear and Protection – 2”.

1. A protection system engineer is planning to provide the complete protection, he can achieve this by ___________
a) three phase fault relays and two earth fault relays
b) two phase fault relays and three earth fault relays
c) a two phase fault relays and three earth fault relays
d) a two phase fault relays and two earth fault relays
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: For the complete protection of the power system, one can use 3 phase fault relays and two earth fault relays so that to cover the entire zone of operation.

2. The given figure shows protection system scheme for one phase of generator. A high resistance fault occurs near the neutral end with the current distribution as marked. The slope of the relay is 10% and pick-up current of 0.15A.
The CT ratio is 500/5.
Will the relay operate under given circumstances?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: I_oc = i₁-i₂
I_RS = (i₁+i₂)/2
Relay will operate only if i_R > k(i₁+i₂)/2+i0
I₁ = 435/(500/5)
I₂ = 400/(500/5)
I_r = i₁-i₂ = 4.35-4.0 = 0.35 A
i₁+i₂ = 4.175 A
k(i₁+i₂)/2+i₀ = 0.1*4.175 + 0.15 = 0.5675 > 0.35
Therefore, the relay will operate.

3. We need the biasing of differential relay biased to avoid mal operation when used for transformer protection due to ____________
a) mismatch of CT
b) saturation of
c) difference in connection of both sides of CT
d) current setting mismatch
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: It is not practical to use CT of exact type, so the mal operation may occur due to mismatch of current transformers.

4.If the specified fault setting for a winding is mentioned as 20%, then what can be inferred about it?
a) If a terminal fault has its current limited to the full load rating, then 20% of winding from neutral end will be unprotected
b) If a terminal fault has its current limited to the full load rating, then 80% of winding from neutral end will carry current
c) If a terminal fault has its voltage limited to the full load rating, then 20% of winding from neutral end will be unprotected
d) Any of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The fault setting implies that 20% of the neutral is unprotected.

5. The typical characteristic of the relay during loss of excitation is ____________
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The loss of excitation leads to a characteristic of the negative resistance offered.

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6. The standard system fault characteristic of the relay is _____________
a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The typical fault characteristic shown by a relay is the linear impedance offered by the fault currents.

7. A longitudinal differential protection on stator can detect inter-turn on the stator.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Because inter-turn faults on the same phase of stator wdg does not disturb the balance between currents in neutral and high voltage CTs. Hence a transverse differential protection is used.

8. Bias is used in the relay protection to _______________
a) provide balanced sharing of current
b) reduce current level
c) deivert the current
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Bias is predominantly used for providing the balance in the current distribution.

9. Unbalancing of an alternator may occur due to ____________
a) single phase fault
b) unbalanced loading
c) line breaking
d) all of the mentioned
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: All the mentioned reasons can cause unbalancing.

10. For the given earth fault for solidly earthed CT, the fault current as a percentage of the full load current is given as _______________

a)
b)
c)
d)
View Answer