This set of Engineering Hydrology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Flood Control – Set 5”.
1. Flood forecasts are divided into various types based on which of the following?
a) Distance of forecast
b) Time to flood occurrence
c) Intensity of flood
d) Size of region
View Answer
Explanation: The techniques used in flood forecasting are divided based on the time of warning that it predicts for the flood to occur in a region. Some methods predict flood few hours in advance while some give a warning of few days.
2. Flood forecasting is suitable as a last minute flood management technique.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Flood forecasting and providing a warning is only helpful when the warning is given well in advanced depending on the population of the region. Along with allowing sufficient time, the warnings should also be legitimate so as to not falsely alarm the population.
3. Which of the following is not a type of flood forecast?
a) Short range
b) Medium range
c) Long range
d) Wide range
View Answer
Explanation: The flood forecasting methods are classified into three categories based on the time of warning provided by them. They are short range forecasts, medium range forecasts and long range forecasts.
4. What type of flood forecasting is used in NCT Delhi?
a) Short range
b) Medium range
c) Short and medium range
d) Medium and long range
View Answer
Explanation: The flood forecasting technique based on short-range forecast is used in the city of Delhi. This is due to the population and location of the city and this type of forecasts most economically suits this region.
5. Which of the following is most commonly used to predict floods in short-range forecasts?
a) Rainfall-runoff variation
b) Precipitation data
c) River stage
d) Past flood data
View Answer
Explanation: In short-range forecasting, the stage of river are observed at different locations and these values are correlated with parameters like rainfall, API and stage variation at an upstream starting point during flood travel time.
6. Which of the following is the most suitable warning time for a short-range flood forecast?
a) 3 hours
b) 10 hours
c) 1 day
d) 2 days
View Answer
Explanation: The short- range forecasting techniques give the least time of warning for a flood event and should be smartly used in suitable locations only. The advance warning time usually lies between 12 to 40 hours.
7. What is the approximate range of warning time predicted for floods as per medium-range forecasts?
a) 1-3 days
b) 3-5 days
c) 5-7 days
d) 7-9 days
View Answer
Explanation: The medium-range forecasts mainly rely on rainfall-runoff relationship to predict the flood event with a better (than short-term forecasts) warning time of 3-5 days. In some cases, the warning may be as low as 2 days also.
8. Which of the following is true regarding temporary relocation of population in chronic flood prone areas as a flood management technique?
a) Time specific
b) Risk specific
c) Area specific
d) Population specific
View Answer
Explanation: Evacuation of a people from a heavily flood prone area along with their valuables and relocating them to a nearby safer location is an area specific method of flood management.
9. Which of the following is not true regarding permanent relocation as a flood management method?
a) Non-structural method
b) Reduced contingency costs
c) New use of flood land
d) Reduced flood damages
View Answer
Explanation: Temporary relocation for specific high floods can be termed as non-structural. However, the permanent relocation of communities to a different safer location is a structural method of flood management.
10. Which of the following activities is involved in flood proofing?
a) Building protective walls around locality
b) Using better quality materials in construction
c) Setting up community in completely flood free regions
d) Raising the heights of buildings
View Answer
Explanation: Flood proofing is a method in which the elevations of buildings and public installations are raised above the normal flood level. This process is adopted mostly in coastal regions that are subjected to frequent cyclones.
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