This set of Engineering Hydrology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Geologic Formations as Aquifers”.
1. How are geological formations as aquifers mainly classified as?
a) Confined and unconfined
b) Shallow and deep
c) Consolidated and unconsolidated
d) Weathered and unweathered
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Explanation: Identifying aquifers from geological formations is a highly skillful job. These formations are mainly classified into two groups based on how they occur in nature – unconsolidated deposits and consolidated rocks.
2. Which of the following cannot be an unconsolidated formation to be used as an aquifer?
a) Sandstone
b) Alluvium
c) Fluvial landforms
d) Eskers
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Explanation: Sandstones are potential aquifers in the consolidated rock category. Aquifers in unconsolidated deposits occurs as alluvial and fluvial deposits, coastal and lake deposits and glacial deposits, like eskers and kames.
3. Which of the following is the general order for yield of an unconsolidated deposits as an aquifer?
a) 10 m3/s
b) 100 m3/s
c) 100 m3/h
d) 1000 m3/h
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Explanation: Unconsolidated deposits of potential aquifers like coastal alluvium and fluvial landforms, generally provide good yield. The yield obtained is usually in the range of 50 to 100 m3/h.
4. Which of the following is true with regards to consolidated rocks as aquifers?
a) Presence of fractures diminishes the yield
b) Presence of joints increases the yield
c) Presence of fractures does not affect the yield
d) Presence of joints reduces the yield
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Explanation: Consolidated rocks with primary porosity have good yield. The weathering of these rocks and development of secondary openings like joints and fractures further helps in enhancing the yield of the aquifer.
5. Consolidated rock aquifers have a lesser yield than aquifers in alluvial deposits.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Generally the yield from aquifers in consolidated rocks is lesser than that of comparable aquifers in unconsolidated deposits. Consolidated rock aquifers have typical yield of 20-50 m3/h, whereas alluvial deposits have yield in the range of 50-100 m3/h.
6. Which of the following is an example of a region that houses unconsolidated deposit as aquifers in India?
a) Satpura range
b) Jodhpur, Rajasthan
c) Kutch, Gujarat
d) Gangetic plains
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Explanation: The regions belonging to the Satpura range, Kutch areas in Gujarat and Jodhpur in Rajasthan mainly contain aquifers in the form of unconsolidated deposits. On the other hand, the Indo-Gangetic region are the main bearers of alluvium deposit aquifers in India.
7. How many principal aquifer systems are there in India?
a) 14
b) 16
c) 18
d) 22
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Explanation: As per the Central Ground Water Board, India is divided into 14 principal aquifer systems and 42 major aquifers. These are alluvium, laterite, basalt, sandstone, shale, limestone, granite, schist, quartzite, charnockite, khondalite, banded gneissic complex, gneiss and intrusive.
8. What is the approximate percentage of basalt aquifers in India?
a) 3%
b) 8%
c) 15%
d) 25%
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Explanation: Basalt aquifers are the third most widespread type of aquifers in India. They comprise of about 16% of the country’s aquifers. These aquifers are mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Karnataka.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Engineering Hydrology.
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