This set of Fermentation Technology Question Bank focuses on “Non-Food Applications – Medicinal Applications of Fermentation”.
1. The Indian Ayurveda uses the fermented forms of ____________ and ____________
a) Bhasmas, taila
b) Arishta, asavas
c) Arishta, bhasmas
d) Taila, asavas
View Answer
Explanation: The Indian Ayurveda uses the fermented forms of arishtas and asavas. They are of valuable therapeutics due to their efficacy and features and they naturally contain 5 – 10 % alcohol which acts as the medium for active ingredients of the herbs to dissolve in it.
2. Alcoholic beverages were not used as ____________ in ancient Egypt.
a) Anesthetic
b) Antimicrobial
c) Antioxidant
d) Psychotropic medicine
View Answer
Explanation: Alcoholic beverage was not used as an antioxidant in ancient Egypt. It was, however, used as an anesthetic, antimicrobial, psychotropic medicine in Ancient Egypt, from 3150 B.C. They also added additives in alcoholic beverages for the preservation of dead bodies and the treatment of cancer.
3. Who discovered the first antibiotic?
a) Selman Waksman
b) Edward Jenner
c) Alexander Flemming
d) Louis Pasteur
View Answer
Explanation: Sir Alexander Flemming in 1928 developed the first antibiotic, penicillin. He was a Scottish physician, biologist, pharmacologist, and microbiologist. The discovery of enzyme ‘lysozyme’ is the best for which he is known for.
4. Polymixin is an ______________ antibiotic.
a) Antiviral
b) Antibacterial
c) Antiparasitic
d) Antifungal
View Answer
Explanation: Polymixin is an antibacterial antibiotic that is used in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. It disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane or cell membrane. It is generally obtained from Bacillus spp.
5. Which of the following is an antifungal antibiotic?
a) Nystatin
b) Amphotericin
c) Polyenes
d) Streptomycin
View Answer
Explanation: Polyenes is an antifungal antibiotic that targets the fungi. Sometimes they are also called as polyenes antimycotics. They are typically obtained from Streptomyces noursei and inhibits the fungal cell membrane formation.
6. What is the mode of action of chloramphenicol?
a) Inhibits the cell membrane formation
b) Inhibits the nucleic acid synthesis
c) Damages cytoplasmic membrane
d) Inhibits the cell wall synthesis
View Answer
Explanation: Chloramphenicol is an antibacterial antibiotic that inhibits the synthesis of the nucleic acids and the proteins. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that kills or inhibits the growth of a wide range of bacteria. It is obtained from Streptomyces venezuelae.
7. Avermectins is used to _______________
a) Inhibit the cell wall formation
b) Inhibit the cell membrane formation
c) Inhibit the neural activity
d) Inhibit the protein synthesis
View Answer
Explanation: Avermectins are antiparasitic antibiotics which are obtained from Streptomyces avermitilis. It is used to block the transmittance of electrical activity in nerves and muscle cells of nematodes.
8. Steroids contain ________________ rings.
a) Cycloalkane
b) Cycloalkyl
c) Cycloalkyne
d) Cycloalkene
View Answer
Explanation: Steroids contain cycloalkane rings. They are a particular class of organic molecules that contain cycloalkane rings, which are produced by both plants and animals. They are used as anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer drugs for organ transplantation, treatment of anemia, etc.
9. Which of the following block the overproduction of cholesterol in the liver?
a) Steroids
b) Hypocholesterolemic agents
c) Alkaloids
d) Antihypersensitive agents
View Answer
Explanation: Hypocholesterolemic agents are the substances that block the overproduction of cholesterol in the liver. A few examples of hypocholesterolemic agents are compactin, pravastatin, simvastatin, etc.
10. Which of the following is a semi-synthetically derived hypocholesterolemic agent?
a) Simvastatin
b) Lovastatin
c) Mevastatin
d) Pravastatin
View Answer
Explanation: Simvastatin is a semi-synthetically derived hypocholesterolemic agent. It is derived from lovastatin. It is used to lower the lipid content from the body and thus helps in losing the weight. Lovastatin, mevastatin, and pravastatin are produced by respective strains of fungi.
11. Which of the following is used to treat kidney stones?
a) Sodium citrate
b) Magnesium malate
c) Potassium permanganate
d) Sodium benzoate
View Answer
Explanation: Sodium citrate is used in the treatment of gout or kidney stones or metabolic acidosis in people with kidney problems. It is also referred to as trisodium citrate as it contains three sodium and has saline and mild tart flavor.
12. Who discovered the first vaccine?
a) Selman Waksman
b) Edward Jenner
c) Alexander Flemming
d) Louis Pasteur
View Answer
Explanation: Edward Jenner discovered the first vaccine in 1976. It was used to treat smallpox to a 13-year old boy. He was thus, the pioneer of the smallpox vaccine which was the world’s first vaccine.
13. Griseofulvin is an antiviral antibiotic.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Griseofulvin is an antibacterial antibiotic which is used to inhibit the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. It is obtained from Penicillium griseofulvin. It is usually taken orally.
14. Milbemycin is an antiparasitic antibiotic.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Milbemycin is an antiparasitic antibiotic which is used to block the transmittance of electrical activity in nerves and muscle cells of nematodes. It is obtained from Streptomyces sp.
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