This set of Plant Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Mitochondrial Genome”.
1. Which plant species has the largest mitochondrial DNA?
a) Bamboosa aridinarifolia
b) Zingiber officinale
c) Sitka spruce
d) Piper nigrum
View Answer
Explanation: Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) has the largest mitochondrial DNA in plant species, whereas, in animals, Tube anemone has the largest mitochondrial genome ever to be sequenced. The genome size of Sitka spruce is approximately 5.5 mbp.
2. Plant mitochondrial DNA only exist in large circular forms.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The given statement is incorrect. Even though, Plants have relatively large mitochondrial genomes, they do not exist only as large circular DNA molecules, but mostly in linear form and they may also occur as branched molecules.
3. Who first discovered the mitochondrial DNA?
a) Albert von Kolliker
b) Margit M. K. Nass and Sylvan Nass
c) Rosalind franklin and Francis crick
d) Carl Benda
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Explanation: The mitochondrial DNA was first discovered by Margit M. K. Nass and Sylvan Nass in the era of 1960s with the help of electron microscopy. The mtDNA was characterized as a DNase-sensitive thread inside the mitochondria.
4. What is the average size of plant mitochondrial DNA?
a) 2 to 20
b) 20 to 200
c) 200 to 2000
d) 2000 to 20000
View Answer
Explanation: The mitochondrial genomes in plants are large and complex, compared to animal genomes. This is due to the presence of additional base pairs. Hence, the size of mitochondrial genome in plants varies between 200-2000 kilo base pairs.
5. Which type of plants have the largest mitochondrial genome?
a) Non-flowering plants
b) Flowering plants
c) Short day plants
d) Long day plants
View Answer
Explanation: The given statement is incorrect. Flowering plants have the largest mitochondrial genome. The circular genomes in flowering plants comprise large repeat sequences that dynamically reassociate to produce large full-length genomes.
6. Which of the following possess the smallest mitochondrial genome?
a) Cucumis sativus
b) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
c) Plasmodium falciparum
d) Isarachnanthus nocturnus
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Explanation: Plasmodium falciparum, a type of parasite, possess the smallest mitochondrial genome, sequenced to date. It has around 5967 base pairs in its mitochondrial DNA. In humans, a total of 16,569 DNA base pairs are in the mitochondrial genome.
7. Which of the following is true about mitochondrial DNA?
a) Free of nuclear envelope
b) Both paternal and maternal in nature
c) Packed into chromatin
d) Have definite number of genome copies in their structure
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Explanation: Mitochondrial DNA is found in mitochondria; hence, they are free of nuclear envelope and are not packed into chromatin. MtDNA is maternal and that they are haploid in nature. Several copies of mitochondrial genome can be present in the structure based on the cellular organization.
8. Why does the plant mitochondrial genome consists of sequences derived from the chloroplast genome?
a) Because they exhibit similar properties
b) Because chloroplasts are highly composed than mitochondria
c) Because they are structurally unique
d) Because they vary in composition
View Answer
Explanation: The plant mitochondrial genome consists of sequences derived from the chloroplast genome, because both mitochondrial as well as chloroplast genomes exhibit similar properties in terms of their structure and composition.
9. Which of the following is true about endosymbiotic gene transfer?
a) It is the same as horizontal gene transfer
b) It is also called as lateral gene transfer
c) Transfer of genetic information like gene mutation
d) Endosymbiosis led to the development of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells
View Answer
Explanation: Endosymbiotic gene transfer is the process by which the genes that were coded in the mitochondrial genome are transferred to the cell’s primary genome. The symbiosis theory describes the development of mitochondrial genome in eukaryotic cells.
10. Highly complex organisms possess smaller mitochondrial genomes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The given statement is correct. Highly complex organisms such as humans and other eukaryotic species possess smaller mitochondrial genome when compared to prokaryotic species. This can be explained through the process of endosymbiotic gene transfer.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Plant Biotechnology.
To practice all areas of Plant Biotechnology, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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