This set of Plant Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Genetic Material – Junk and Repeat Sequences”.
1. Who first coined the term junk DNA?
a) Ronald Fisher
b) Ruth Sager
c) Susumu Ohno
d) Eric Lander
View Answer
Explanation: The term junk DNA was first coined by a geneticist, Susumu Ohno in 1972 to describe the noncoding segments of a genome. These are repeat sequences that are distributed randomly throughout the genome.
2. Which of the following statement is true about transposable elements.
a) Transposable elements are rarely found in eukaryotic species
b) Smaller plant genomes have more transposable elements
c) Transposable elements are capable of modifying gene expressions
d) All transposons are autonomous in nature
View Answer
Explanation: Larger plant genomes have more transposable elements than those that are smaller. In general, transposons are found in all plant species and they are capable of modifying gene expressions. It is observed that humans have millions of transposons in their genome.
3. Which is the most abundantly found transposable element?
a) DNA elements
b) Alu elements
c) Retro genes
d) Conservative genes
View Answer
Explanation: Alu elements are the most abundant transposable elements found in eukaryotic genomes. Alu elements are involved in the transcription process of adjacent genes and can infrequently modify the mode of gene expression.
4. What is the full form of SINE?
a) Semi Integral Nuclear Elements
b) Short Integral Nuclear Elements
c) Semi Interspersed Nuclear Elements
d) Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements
View Answer
Explanation: The full form of SINE is short interspersed nuclear elements. They are nonautonomous retrotransposons which are apparently less than 500bp long and they are not involved in protein coding process, but often contains RNA polymerase Ⅲ promoters.
5. All introns are transposable in nature.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The given statement is incorrect. Some introns can be transposable, but not all. Transposable elements are those which does not have a fixed position in the genome, they often move from one location to another, causing mutation.
6. What is the full form of SRP?
a) Short Repeating Particle
b) Signal Repeating Particle
c) Short Recognition Particle
d) Signal Recognition Particle
View Answer
Explanation: The full form of SRP is Signal Recognition Particle. It is a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein molecule which targets specific proteins in eukaryotes. They often bind to the signal sequence of a newly synthesized polypeptide.
7. Which of the following is not a gene regulatory sequence?
a) Moderators
b) Enhancers
c) Promoters
d) Silencers
View Answer
Explanation: Gene regulatory sequence is a section of a genetic material that is capable of mediating the process of gene expression within an organism. Several regulatory factors are involved in this mechanism, such as promoters, enhancers, silencers etc.
8. Slipped Strand Mispairing can cause alteration in gene expression.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: The given statement is correct. Slipped Strand Mispairing is a mutation process that can cause variation in gene expression. This mechanism involves denaturation or dislocation of DNA strands which eventually results in replication slippage.
9. What is the approximate percentage of repeat sequence present in eukaryotic genome?
a) 30% to 35%
b) 35% to 40%
c) 40% to 45%
d) 45% to 50%
View Answer
Explanation: Approximately, the eukaryotic genome comprises of 45% to 50% repeat sequence. These sequences are repeating units that are produced throughout the eukaryotic genome. A common example of repetitive sequence is the satellite DNA.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Plant Biotechnology.
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