Here are Plant Biotechnology MCQs (Chapterwise).
1. What is plant biotechnology?
a) Cell division and multiplication
b) Creating thousands of plants through tissue culture
c) Somatic Hybridization
d) Introduction of desirable traits into the plant parts through genetic modification
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Explanation: Plant biotechnology is the introduction of desirable traits into the plant parts through genetic modification. Somatic hybridization is the technique of manipulation of cellular genome through protoplast fusion.
2. What is the purpose of genetic engineering in plant biotechnology?
a) Modifying plant genes to express desired traits
b) Producing genetically identical plant clones
c) Eradicating plant diseases through natural selection
d) Accelerating natural evolution in plants
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Explanation: Genetic engineering in plant biotechnology is all about changing the genes in plants so that they have specific traits we want, like being resistant to pests or having better nutrients.
3. What role do phytohormones play in plant biotechnology?
a) Improving plant taste
b) Controlling plant color
c) Regulating plant growth and development
d) Enhancing plant fragrance
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Explanation: Phytohormones are like the traffic signals for plants, controlling how they grow and develop. They’re crucial in plant biotechnology for shaping the characteristics of plants.
4. Which of the following is not a method used to culture protoplast?
a) Using soft agar matrix
b) Dendritic culture method
c) Hanging drop culture method
d) Using micro culture chambers
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Explanation: Different methods are employed for culturing protoplasts. They are Hanging drop culture method, culturing using micro culture chambers and also soft agar matrix method. Dendritic cell cultures are used for producing antigen presenting cells.
5. Which of the following factor does not influence totipotency?
a) Nonreduced nitrogen
b) Relative humidity
c) Light intensity
d) Source of explant
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Explanation: Totipotency can be influenced by several factors such as relative humidity, reduced nitrogen concentration in nutrient media, plant growth regulators, source and size of explant, light intensity, temperature etc.
6. Which of the following transcribes protein-coding genes in plants?
a) DNA polymerase Ⅱ
b) DNA polymerase Ⅰ
c) RNA polymerase Ⅱ
d) RNA polymerase Ⅰ
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Explanation: The protein-coding genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase Ⅱ, whereas, RNA polymerase Ⅰ transcribes the genes that encode the three RNA species of the ribosome at the nucleolus. In addition to the three eukaryotic RNA polymerase molecules, plants also have RNA polymerase Ⅳ and Ⅴ.
7. Which of the following is true about chloroplast DNA?
a) It is also known as plastid DNA
b) It shows mendelian inheritance
c) Non-replicative
d) The chloroplast DNA is not conserved in nature
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Explanation: The chloroplast DNA is also known as plastid DNA or plastome. It shows non-mendelian mode of inheritance and are characterized as self-replicative. The chloroplast DNA is also highly conserved in nature.
8. Which hormone promotes flowering in long day plants?
a) Ethylene
b) Cytokinin
c) Gibberellin
d) Abscisic acid
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Explanation: Gibberellin hormone promotes flowering in long day plants. Similarly, they regulate other growth and developmental processes in other plant varieties. It has been observed that gibberellins are also involved in bolting process.
9. Which of the following is an alternative term used to denote flowering plants?
a) Angiosperm
b) Gymnosperms
c) Ferns
d) Mosses
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Explanation: Flowering plants are also known as Angiosperms or Anthophyta. This variety of plants produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits. The flowering plants are further categorized into two classes, namely Monocots and Dicots.
10. Which of the following statement is true regarding cross pollination?
a) Cross pollination results in weaker plants
b) Pollens are not wasted in this type of pollination
c) In cross pollination, the pollen is transported from the stigma to the stamen of a different flower
d) It is also called as allogamy
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Explanation: Cross pollination, often, results in stronger plants. It is also termed as allogamy. Cross pollination occurs when pollen is transported from the stamen of a flower in one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same species.
11. Which plant hormone was the first to be discovered?
a) Gibberellin
b) Auxin
c) Salicylic acid
d) Cytokinin
View Answer
Explanation: Auxins are the first hormones that were discovered in plants. The term ‘Auxin’ is derived from Greek which denotes ‘To grow’. Auxins are known for their biological functions in plant growth regulation and development.
12. Which of the following is a class of plant hormone?
a) Adrenaline
b) Epinephrine
c) Ascorbic acid
d) Ethylene
View Answer
Explanation: Plant hormones (Phytohormones) include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinin, salicylic acid, ethylene etc. Adrenaline and epinephrine are hormones that are present in animals, whereas ascorbic acid is another term for Vitamin C, which is not a class of phytohormone.
13. Who first discovered the process of respiration in plants?
a) Jan Ingenhousz
b) Robert Hooke
c) Nehemiah Grew
d) Marcello Malpighi
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Explanation: Jan Ingenhousz, a physician from Netherlands, first discovered the process of respiration in plants. He revealed in his experiments that sunlight is essential for plants to absorb carbon dioxide and to release out oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.
14. Where does respiration take place in woody plants?
a) Phloem tissue
b) Peripheral tissue
c) Lenticles
d) Xylem tissues
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Explanation: In woody stems and branches, the phenomenon of respiration takes place in lenticles. Lenticles are small pores that are found in trees and woody plants which allows gas exchange between the inner tissues and the atmosphere.
15. In which of the following category of plants, the CAM pathway occurs?
a) Mesophytic
b) Angiosperms
c) Bryophyllum
d) Succulents
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Explanation: CAM pathway occurs in succulents in which the sunlight is absorbed during day time and this energy is used for CO2 fixation during night time. This pathway is not observed in another type of plants.
16. Which photosynthetic bacteria possess both PSI and PSII for photosynthesis?
a) Cyanobacteria
b) Green sulfur bacteria
c) Purple sulfur bacteria
d) Purple non-sulfur bacteria
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Explanation: Cyanobacteria possess chlorophyll molecule as well as both the reaction center, PSI and PSII for photosynthesis whereas purple sulfur and non-sulfur bacteria do not show photosynthesis as they lack chlorophyll.
17. The process by which green plants make their own food is called as ___________
a) Oxidation and reduction
b) Respiration
c) Photosynthesis
d) Solarisation
View Answer
Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight and water. Respiration is the process by which plants reduces food and releases oxygen.
Chapterwise Multiple Choice Questions on Plant Biotechnology
- Plant Biotechnology Basics
- Plant Development
- Plant Physiology
- Organization of Genetic Material
- Plant Tissue Culture
1. MCQ on Plant Biotechnology Basics
The section contains multiple choice questions and answers on plant biotechnology history and overview.
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2. Plant Development
The section covers questions and answers on plant development, plant anatomy and morphology, meristems, leaf development, and flower development.
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3. Plant Physiology
The section contains MCQs on plant physiology, covering essential topics like photosynthesis, respiration, phytohormones, and the interesting concepts of photoperiodism and flowering.
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4. Plant Biotechnology MCQ on Organization of Genetic Material
The section contains multiple choice questions and answers on various topics related to genetic material organization, including chloroplast genome, mitochondrial genome, cytoplasmic male sterility, gene structure, regulation of gene expression, and junk and repeat sequences.
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5. Plant Tissue Culture
The section covers questions and answers on various aspects of plant tissue culture, including culture environment & media, callus culture, cell suspension culture, and protoplast culture.
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Wish you the best in your endeavor to learn and master Plant Biotechnology!
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