This set of Engineering Geology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Classification of Faults – 01”.
1. Which type of classification emphasises on appearance?
a) Based on direction of slip
b) Based on apparent movement
c) Based on mode of occurrence
d) Based on amount of dip of the fault
View Answer
Explanation: The emphasis in the case of faults based on apparent movement as basis is only on appearance because actually it may require to be established which of the two parts, hanging wall and the foot wall, has moved during faulting and by how much.
2. Type of fault not considered under apparent movement as basis is ___________
a) Normal fault
b) Reverse fault
c) Hinge fault
d) Strike fault
View Answer
Explanation: The various faults under apparent movement as basis are, normal faults, reverse faults, hinge faults and strike-slip faults. Strike faults is not studied under this basis.
3. Fault in which hanging wall has apparently moved down with respect to foot wall is ___________
a) Normal fault
b) Reverse fault
c) Strike-slip fault
d) Hinge fault
View Answer
Explanation: Normal fault is a fault in which hanging wall has apparently moved down with respect to foot wall.
4. What do the normal faults cause to the crust of the Earth?
a) Shortening of crest
b) Cracking of crest
c) Extension in the crust
d) Strengthening of crust
View Answer
Explanation: Due to the inclines nature of the fault plane and downward displacement of a part of the strata, normal faults cause an extension in the crust wherever they occur.
5. It can be with certainty whether it was the hanging wall which moved down or the foot wall which moved up.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Explanation: Nothing can be said with certainty whether it was the hanging wall which moved down or the foot wall which moved up or both the walls moved down, the hanging wall moving more than the foot wall and hence the appearance.
6. Most common angle of normal faults is ___________
a) 30° to 45°
b) 45° to vertical
c) 60° to horizontal
d) 0° to 180°
View Answer
Explanation: In normal faults, the fault plane may be inclines at any angle between horizontal and vertical, but most commonly, the fault angles are between 45° and vertical.
7. What is the other name for normal faults?
a) Uniform faults
b) Hade faults
c) Similar faults
d) Gravity faults
View Answer
Explanation: Normal faults are also often termed as gravity faults especially when it is established that the hanging wall has actually moved down with respect to the foot wall.
8. Alps in an example of which type of fault?
a) Graben
b) Horst
c) Hinge fault
d) Vertical fault
View Answer
Explanation: Numerous small and big examples of horsts are found in major mountain systems such as Alps, Central Europe and East Africa.
9. Horst and graben are physiographic features of which type of faults?
a) Normal faults
b) Reverse faults
c) Thrust faults
d) Strike-slip faults
View Answer
Explanation: Horst and graben are the physiographic features caused by normal faults occurring in pairs.
10. The type of fault which appears in such a way that the central wedge appears raised high up with respect to the sides is ___________
a) Graben
b) Horst
c) Nappe
d) Thrust
View Answer
Explanation: When two normal faults appear on either side of a central wedge shaped elongated block in such a way that the central wedge appears raised high up with respect to the sides, the outstanding structure is called a horst.
11. Block mountains are caused by which type of faults?
a) Horst
b) Graben
c) Thrust
d) Nappes
View Answer
Explanation: Sometimes the horsts may be high and extensive enough to be called a Block mountain. In many horsts, the border faults are almost parallel in strike and very high angled.
12. Which fault is the reverse of horst?
a) Reverse fault
b) Radial fault
c) Graben
d) Hinge fault
View Answer
Explanation: Graben is almost the reverse of a horst in structure and appearance. A graben may be described as an elongated wedge shaped central block, which appears to have moved downward with respect to the side blocks along two downward converging normal faults.
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