This set of Basic Biotechnology Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Industrial Genetics”.
1. What are the two brad categories of genes?
a) Structural and coding
b) Structural and non-coding
c) Structural and Regulatory
d) Regulatory and coding
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Explanation: All properties of organisms depend on the sum of their genes. There are two broad categories of genes. They are structural and regulatory genes.
2. Structural genes encode for amino acid sequences of proteins.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Structural genes encode for amino acid sequences of proteins. As enzymes, these proteins determine the biochemical capabilities of the organism. Enzymes, catalyze particular synthetic or catabolic reactions.
3. Regulatory genes control the expression of structural genes.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: Regulatory genes control the expression of structural genes. They determine the rate of production of their protein. It is in response to intra- or extracellular signals.
4. What can be termed as the chemical deletion or addition of one or more of the chemical parts of the DNA molecule?
a) Transcription
b) Translation
c) Self duplication
d) Mutation
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Explanation: Mutation involves genetic aberrations. It involves the chemical deletion or addition of one or more chemical parts of DNA. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid.
5. What can be termed as the transfer of DNA mediated by a bacterial virus?
a) Translation
b) Transduction
c) Transcription
d) Replication
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Explanation: Transduction is also a source of mutation. It is a transfer of DNA mediated by a bacterial virus. Bacterial viruses involve bacteriophages and phages.
6. Bacterial conjugation involves the transfer of _______
a) Single stranded DNA
b) Double stranded DNA
c) Polymerase enzyme
d) RNA
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Explanation: Bacterial conjugation involves the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell. The transferred DNA is always single stranded. Its complementary strand is synthesized in the recipient.
7. Manipulation of genetic material in organisms can be classified as ________
a) Molecular and non-molecular manipulation
b) Organismal, cellular and molecular manipulation
c) Cellular and non-cellular manipulation
d) Tissue and cellular manipulation
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Explanation: Manipulation of genetic material can be achieved by three ways. These three ways are organismal, cellular and molecular manipulation. Tissue manipulations are not generally done.
8. Non-transformable strains can be induced to taken up by ________
a) Electroporation
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Colorimetry
d) Chromatography
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Explanation: There are a few strains of bacteria that are not naturally transformable. Such strains can be induced to take up isolated DNA. Chemical treatment used for this is known as electroporation.
9. Cellular manipulation of DNA have been practiced for over ______
a) 7 decades
b) 10 decades
c) 20 decades
d) 2 decades
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Explanation: Cellular manipulation of DNA have been practiced for over two decades. It involves cell fusion or culture of cells. Regeneration of whole plants can be obtained from these cells.
10. The most effective, stable and convenient form for biocatalyst is a ________
a) Whole organism
b) Software
c) Genetic code
d) Ammonia
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Explanation: The most effective form of a biocatalyst is a whole organism. This is most stable and convenient form too. In most cases it is some type of microorganism.
11. The basis for changing the organism’s genome is _______________
a) Mutation and mutagenic chemicals
b) Palindromic sequences
c) DNA
d) RNA
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Explanation: In industrial genetics there are basis for changing the organism’s genome. It is by mutation and mutagenic chemicals. Mutation is done using X-rays.
12. Which among the following is not used to store industrially important microbes?
a) Liquid nitrogen
b) Lyophilization
c) Oil
d) Ammonia
View Answer
Explanation: Most industrially useful microbes can be stored for long period. This is achieved by storing in oil, liquid nitrogen or by lyophilizing it. Ammonia cannot be used for storage purposes.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Basic Biotechnology.
To practice all areas of Basic Biotechnology, here is complete set of Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
