This set of Pollution Control Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Effects of Pollution on Environment – Set 2”.
1. Which of the following is NOT an environmental impact of hydroelectric energy?
a) Increase in downstream water salinity
b) Increase in turbidity of the water
c) Earthquakes around the area of the dam
d) High silting in the downstream river
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Explanation: Water turbidity reduces as an impact of hydroelectric power because of low discharge volume, along with reduced water velocity. Dams usually cause high silt accumulation. The water also becomes saline. Large dams are also known to trigger earthquakes, especially if built near areas of tectonic plates.
2. When are people, and the environment, least likely to be affected by nuclear radiation?
a) When the reactor is not in use
b) During reactivation of spent fuel
c) During waste disposal
d) During normal working operations
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Explanation: The environment and people are least affected when the reactor is in operational use. That is because the conditions are properly maintained so that there is negligible leakage of radiation during operation.
3. Inhalation of which gas causes problems for uranium mine workers?
a) Radon gas
b) Carbon monoxide
c) Ammonia
d) Neutrons
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Explanation: Radon is radioactive and can cause long-term problems for people if inhaled. It causes lung cancer and is the second-highest cause of lung cancer.
4. Hazardous solid waste includes radioactive waste.
a) True
b) False
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Explanation: By definition, hazardous solid waste includes all solid waste, except radioactive waste, that is toxic or reactive in nature. Other criteria include being corrosive or is explosive in nature.
5. How does light pollution affect animals?
a) Reduces populations
b) Increases populations
c) Reduces metabolism
d) Increases metabolism
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Explanation: Light pollution may cause issues with the growth and breeding patterns of animals and insects, which can cause the populations of various species to reduce because of interference with their natural processes.
6. What is nonpoint pollution?
a) Where the source of pollution is known
b) Where the source of pollution is unknown
c) Where the source is from one place
d) Where the source is from the fertilizers
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Explanation: Nonpoint pollution is a term used for pollution when there are a variety of sources in play, and the exact source is unknown. For example, nonpoint water pollution can be caused by a combination of sources like runoff, drainage, seepage, et cetera.
7. What happens when there is excess nitrogen in the soil?
a) Reduced growth of plants
b) Excess growth of plants
c) Reduced salt concentration in soil
d) Excess root growth of plants
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Explanation: Excess plant growth is a consequence of excess nitrogen in the soil. It is not very advantageous because it attracts more pests, subsequently requiring higher pesticide use.
8. What is a consequence of excess phosphorus in the soil?
a) Stunted growth of plants
b) Excess growth of plants
c) More nutrient consumption by plants
d) More pests are attracted by plants
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Explanation: Excess phosphorus can cause reduced growth in plants, and some can even die. It also suppresses the consumption of micronutrients. An example is the low absorption of zinc by vegetation, which is harmful to the overall health of the plants.
9. What is the main cause of groundwater contamination?
a) Extraction of salts from groundwater
b) Salt concentration of water reduces
c) Leaching of salts from the surface
d) Remaining un-recharged by surface water
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Explanation: Leaching of salts, oil, chemicals, and nutrients like nitrogen from the soil to the groundwater can cause the groundwater to get contaminated and the concentration of such materials to increase.
10. Which disease is an example of cadmium poisoning?
a) Pink disease
b) Minimata disease
c) Gastroenteritis
d) Itai-Itai disease
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Explanation: Cadmium poisoning can cause Itai-Itai disease. Over long periods of exposure, cadmium can cause problems in the liver, kidney, and heart.
11. What is NOT an effect of soil pollution?
a) Loss of fertility
b) Deforestation
c) Acid Rain
d) Soil erosion
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Explanation: Acid rain is not an effect of soil pollution. Soil pollution is caused by various anthropogenic reasons affecting the composition of the soil, hence causing many problems. Acid rain is a phenomenon that causes soil pollution.
12. Upon exposure to strontium, what happens to people?
a) Strontium gets concentrated in the thyroid
b) Strontium gets deposited in the lungs
c) Strontium gets deposited in the bones
d) Strontium gets concentrated in the tissues
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Explanation: Strontium is chemically similar to calcium, and therefore, like calcium, it accumulates in the bones. The long-term deposition may even cause illnesses like leukemia and bone cancer.
13. What is the effect of photochemical smog?
a) It discolours paint
b) It kills animals
c) It erodes bricks
d) It corrodes metal
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Explanation: Photochemical smog is comprised of gases like ozone, nitrogen oxides, aldehydes, etc., which are all reactive in nature. They either directly corrode metal or indirectly corrode metal (acid rain).
14. Which of the following is not an impact of sulfur pollution?
a) Low visibility
b) Loss of vegetation
c) Effect on human health
d) Increase in frequency of diseases
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Explanation: There is no evidence of sulfur pollution causing an increase in the frequency of diseases. In sulfur pollution, sulphur dioxide converts to sulphuric acid and sulfates. The known effects of sulfur pollution are low visibility, loss of vegetation, and the effects on health.
15. What is the direct effect of pollution caused by fossil fuels?
a) Acid rain
b) Particle air pollution
c) Sulphur pollution
d) Water pollution
View Answer
Explanation: A direct effect of fossil fuel pollution is particle air pollution. Though acid rain, sulfur pollution, and water pollution can all occur due to fossil fuel pollution, they are not direct effects.
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Pollution Control.
To practice all areas of Pollution Control, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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